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arXiv 1906.06404quant-ph
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扩散开放量子系统中的几何退相干

Geometric decoherence in diffusive open quantum systems

Da-Wei Luo, Hai-Qing Lin, J. Q. You, Lian-Ao Wu, Rupak Chatterjee, Ting Yu

摘要:

基于一个通用的量子开放系统模型,我们通过定义一个复值几何相位来研究退相干的几何性质,该相位由描述非幺正、非循环和非绝热演化的随机纯态构成.对纯随机态的复几何相位进行系综平均,得到一个常规的几何相位和一个振幅因子。我们表明,由衰减振幅描述的退相干过程可以是一个几何量独立于系统的动力学。量子系统的几何相位由于其对动力学误差的鲁棒性可以作为量子门的理想实现,这是一个值得注意的事实,然而,在本文中,我们证明了,对于某些开放量子系统,一个理想的几何相位可能伴随着一个不需要的鲁棒几何退相干因子.研究了两个完全可解的模型,证明了退相干对于退相二能级模型是一个纯动力学效应,而在耗散二能级模型中退相干可以是一个几何过程.最后,我们表明,这种几何退相干效应可以消除的非微扰控制方案。

英文摘要:

Based on a generic quantum open system model, we study the geometric nature of decoherence by defining a complex-valued geometric phase through stochastic pure states describing non-unitary, non-cyclic and non-adiabatic evolutions. The ensemble average of the complex geometric phases for the pure stochastic states yields a conventional geometric phase together with an amplitude factor. We show that the decoherence process described by the decaying amplitude can be a geometric quantity independent of the system's dynamics. It is a remarkable fact that the geometric phase of a quantum system can serve as an ideal realisation of quantum gates due to its robustness against dynamical errors, however, in this paper we show that, for some open quantum systems, a desirable geometric phase may be accompanied by an unwanted robust geometric decoherence factor. Two exactly solvable models are studied to demonstrate that, while the decoherence is a purely dynamical effect for a dephasing two-level model, the decoherence in a dissipative two-level model can be a geometric process. Finally, we show that such a geometric decoherence effect may be eliminated by a non-perturbative control scheme.

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