The lattice thermal conductivity ($κ_{\rm L} $) is a critical property of thermoelectrics, thermal barrier coating materials and semiconductors. While accurate empirical measurements of $κ_{\rm L} $ are extremely challenging, it is usually approximated through computational approaches, such as semi-empirical models, Green-Kubo formalism coupled with molecular dynamics simulations, and first-principles based methods. However, these theoretical methods are not only limited in terms of their accuracy, but sometimes become computationally intractable owing to their cost. Thus, in this work, we build a machine learning (ML)-based model to accurately and instantly predict $κ_{\rm L}$ of inorganic materials, using a benchmark data set of experimentally measured $κ_{\rm L} $ of about 100 inorganic solids. We use advanced and universal feature engineering techniques along with the Gaussian process regression algorithm, and compare the performance of our ML model with past theoretical works. The trained ML model is not only helpful for rational design and screening of novel materials, but we also identify key features governing the thermal transport behavior in non-metals.
Machine learning-driven elasticity prediction in advanced inorganic materials via convolutional neural networks
State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University(西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院多孔金属材料国家重点实验室);National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics(应用物理与计算数学研究所国家计算物理学重点实验室);State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University(西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院材料力学行为国家重点实验室)
Anharmonic lattice dynamics and thermal transport in type-I inorganic clathrates
采用第一性原理计算,考虑温度依赖的势能面取样和四次声子重整化,计算了填充无机笼形物Ba_8 Ga_(16)Ge_(30)和Sr_8 Ga_(16)Ge_(30)的非谐声子性质.由于客体原子与主体晶格的弱结合,所获得的客体模式随温度经历强重整化,并且在室温下在Sr 8 Ga 16 Ge 30中变得更硬,最高可达50%。计算出的声子频率和相关的热均方位移与实验相比,尽管在笼形物的中心的客体原子。晶格热导率在50- 300 K的温度范围内,占三声子散射过程和多通道的热输运。相干输运通道的贡献是显着的,在室温下(13%和22%的Ba 8 Ga 16 Ge 30和Sr 8 Ga 16 Ge 30),但不足以解释实验观察到的玻璃状的热输运Sr 8 Ga 16 Ge 30。
Intrinsically ultralow thermal conductivity in all-inorganic superatomic bulk crystals
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室);School of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院);Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Peking University(北京大学能源与资源工程系);Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(高压科学和技术先进研究中心);Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials under Extreme Conditions in Shandong Province, School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University(曲阜师范大学物理与物理工程学院山东省极端条件量子材料重点实验室)
研究通过生长Re6Se8Te7和Re6Te15超原子单晶,发现其在室温下热导率分别为0.32和0.53 W m-1 K-1,归因于高Grüneisen参数和低声速,验证了无序声子传输的存在。
Structural, elastic and optoelectronic properties of inorganic cubic FrBX3 (B = Ge, Sn; X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite: the density functional theory approach
无机金属卤化物立方钙钛矿半导体在光伏和光电子器件的工业应用中变得更加流行。在各种钙钛矿中,无铅材料由于其对环境的无毒作用而目前被探索得最多。本研究采用第一性原理密度泛函理论(DFT)计算方法研究了无铅立方钙钛矿材料FrBX 3(B = Ge,Sn; X = Cl,Br,I)的结构、电子、光学和力学性质。发现这些材料具有直接带隙能量和机械相稳定性的半导体行为。所观察到的带隙的变化解释的基础上的取代的阳离子和阴离子坐在B和X-网站的FrBX 3化合物。高吸收系数、低反射率和高光学传导性使得这些材料适合于光伏和其它光电子器件应用。观察到在B位中含有Ge(锗)的材料比含有Sn的材料具有更高的光吸收和电导率。系统的电子,光学和机械性能的分析表明,在所有的钙钛矿材料,FrGeI 3将是一个潜在的候选人的光电应用。含放射性元素Fr的钙钛矿FrGeI 3可在核医学和诊断(例如X射线成像技术)中具有应用。
High-throughput computational framework for lattice dynamics and thermal transport including high-order anharmonicity: an application to cubic and tetragonal inorganic compounds
Northwestern University(西北大学);Portland State University(波特兰州立大学)
Heat-current filtering for Green-Kubo and Helfand-moment molecular dynamics predictions of thermal conductivity: Application to the organic crystal $β$-HMX
Ineffectiveness of Formamidine in Suppressing Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Cubic Hybrid Perovskite FAPbI3
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College(达特茅斯学院塞耶工程学院);Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室能源技术区);School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University(浙江海洋大学船舶与海事学院);Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(洛桑联邦理工学院材料理论与模拟中心);National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(洛桑联邦理工学院新材料计算设计与发现国家中心);Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学机械与航空航天工程系);HKUST Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学佛山智能制造研究院);HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute(香港科技大学深圳-香港协同创新研究院);Thermal Science Research Center, Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology(山东高等技术研究院热科学研究中心)
Tuning electronic heat transport in graphene/metal heterostructures with ultralow thermal conductivity
现有的超低热导率材料由于材料中有限的电子传输而不适用于热电应用。在这里,我们提出了一类新的超低热导率材料与大量的电子热传输。我们的样品是通过热蒸发或射频磁控溅射沉积的转移石墨烯和金属钯膜(Pd,Au和Ni)的石墨烯/金属异质结构。对于蒸发的样品,我们实现了0.06 W m-1 K-1的超低热导率,声子作为主要的热载体。超低的热导率是由于石墨烯和金属中声子能量的巨大差异。有趣的是,对于溅射样品,我们发现,约50%的热量是由电子携带的,即使热导率约为0.1 W m-1 K-1。我们将电子贡献归因于电子在石墨烯中穿过原子级针孔的传输。这种具有超低导热系数和电子输运特性的新材料有望在热电领域得到应用。
Discovery of a metallic oxide with ultralow thermal conductivity
具有金属导电性的化合物通常具有相当大的总热导率,因为电子和光子都有助于热传输。在这里,我们展示了一个特殊的例子,氧化铱,Bi 3 Ir 3 O 11,同时显示金属导电性和超低热导率接近0.61 W m-1 K-1在300 K。该化合物结晶为立方结构骨架,空间群为Pn-3。边和角共享IrO 6八面体与混合Ir4.33+电荷状态有利于金属电输运。Bi 3 Ir 3 O 11由于其隧道状结构,其中填充的重原子Bi在内部嘎嘎作响,因此表现出接近理论上最小限度的极低晶格热导率。理论计算揭示了金属导电性和超低导热性之间的非凡兼容性的潜在机制。本研究为设计和开发前所未有的隔热金属开辟了一条新的途径。