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arXiv 1906.02573eess.SYcs.SY
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无人机对移动目标的估计与跟踪

Estimation and Tracking of a Moving Target by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Jun-Ming Li, Ching Wen Chen, Teng-Hu Cheng

AI总结:

本文提出基于YOLO边界框特征和UKF估计的无人机图像控制策略,实现无运动约束动态目标的跟踪,并通过仿真验证有效性。

摘要:

本文开发了一种基于图像的控制策略,并结合目标运动估计,以在无运动约束条件下跟踪动态目标。据我们所知,这是首项利用边界框作为图像特征,用于无运动约束动态目标的跟踪控制与估计的工作。由You-Only-Look-Once(YOLO)深度神经网络生成的特征,可以放宽大多数文献中对特征点连续可用性的假设,并缩小与实际应用之间的差距。挑战在于目标的运动模式未知,且对其动力学进行建模不可行。为解决这些问题,目标的动力学采用恒速模型进行建模,并作为无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)中的过程模型,但过程噪声具有不确定性,且对系统不稳定性敏感。为确保估计误差的收敛性,根据移动窗口内的历史数据估计噪声协方差矩阵。UKF估计的运动被作为前馈项纳入所设计的控制器中,从而增强跟踪性能。通过仿真验证了所设计的估计器和控制器的有效性。

英文摘要:

An image-based control strategy along with estimation of target motion is developed to track dynamic targets without motion constraints. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that utilizes a bounding box as image features for tracking control and estimation of dynamic target without motion constraint. The features generated from a You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) deep neural network can relax the assumption of continuous availability of the feature points in most literature and minimize the gap for applications. The challenges are that the motion pattern of the target is unknown and modeling its dynamics is infeasible. To resolve these issues, the dynamics of the target is modeled by a constant-velocity model and is employed as a process model in the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), but process noise is uncertain and sensitive to system instability. To ensure convergence of the estimate error, the noise covariance matrix is estimated according to history data within a moving window. The estimated motion from the UKF is implemented as a feedforward term in the developed controller, so that tracking performance is enhanced. Simulations are demonstrated to verify the efficacy of the developed estimator and controller.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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