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arXiv 1905.06337astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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Galerkin如何跟踪大尺度结构?:围绕$z=3.13$大质量原星系团的个例研究

How Do Galaxies trace a large scale structure?: A case study around a massive protocluster at $z=3.13$

Ke Shi, Yun Huang, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Jun Toshikawa, Kathryn N. Bowen, Nicola Malavasi, B. C. Lemaux, Olga Cucciati, Olivier Le Fevre, Arjun Dey

摘要:

在星系形成的层次理论中,星系过密是大质量宇宙结构的标志。然而,人们对不同类型的星系如何追踪底层的大尺度结构还不太了解。出于发现一个z=3.13的原星系团,我们研究如何相同的结构是由Ly $α$发射星系(LAEs)的人口。为此,我们已经进行了深窄带成像调查采样在此红移的LY $α$发射。在36'x36'~(70 x70 ~ Mpc ^2)视场内的93个LAE候选星系中,有21个星系形成了显著的表面超密度(delta_g=3.3+/-0.9),它在空间上与莱曼破裂星系(LBG)的超密度分离。一种可能的解释是,它们追踪了两个质量相当(~ 10^{15}M_sun)的独立结构,后者由更早时间组装的晕所承载。我们推测,LAEs的缺乏在LBG的过密度区域可能信号的作用晕组装偏置星系形成,这将表明,不同的搜索技术可能会有偏见,相应的形成年龄或动力学状态的主机晕。原星系团LAEs的Ly $α$ -和UV光度的中值比实际高30- 70%。这种差异不能单独用星系密度过高来解释,可能需要一个头重脚轻的质量函数,原星团晕更高的恒星形成效率,或者低质量晕中星系形成的抑制。在这个区域发现的一个发光的Ly $α$团块和一个超大质量星系描绘了一幅与星系团中星系早期生长的预期一致的画面。

英文摘要:

In the hierarchical theory of galaxy formation, a galaxy overdensity is a hallmark of a massive cosmic structure. However, it is less well understood how different types of galaxies trace the underlying large-scale structure. Motivated by the discovery of a z=3.13 protocluster, we examine how the same structure is populated by Ly$α$-emitting galaxies (LAEs). To this end, we have undertaken a deep narrow-band imaging survey sampling Ly$α$ emission at this redshift. Of the 93 LAE candidates within a 36'x36'~(70x70~Mpc^2) field, 21 galaxies form a significant surface overdensity (delta_g=3.3+/-0.9), which is spatially segregated from the Lyman break galaxy (LBG) overdensity. One possible interpretation is that they trace two separate structures of comparable masses (~ 10^{15}M_sun) where the latter is hosted by a halo assembled at an earlier time. We speculate that the dearth of LAEs in the LBG overdensity region may signal the role of halo assembly bias in galaxy formation, which would suggest that different search techniques may be biased accordingly to the formation age or dynamical state of the host halo. The median Ly$α$- and UV luminosity is 30--70\% higher for the protocluster LAEs relative to the field. This difference cannot be explained by the galaxy overdensity alone, and may require a top-heavy mass function, higher star formation efficiency for protocluster halos, or suppression of galaxy formation in low-mass halos. A luminous Ly$α$ blob and an ultramassive galaxy found in this region paint a picture consistent with the expected early growth of galaxies in clusters.

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