Alex Eskin, Maryam Mirzakhani, Amir Mohammadi
We prove a quantitative estimate, with a power saving error term, for the number of simple closed geodesics of length at most $L$ on a compact surface equipped with a Riemannian metric of negative curvature. The proof relies on the exponential mixing rate for the Teichmüller geodesic flow.
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We compute the asymptotics, as R tends to infinity, of the number of closed geodesics in Moduli space of length at most R, or equivalently the number of pseudo-Anosov elements of the mapping class group of translation length at most R.
Let $X$ be a compact, geodesically complete, locally CAT(0) space such that the universal cover admits a rank one axis. Assume $X$ is not homothetic to a metric graph with integer edge lengths. Let $P_t$ be the number of parallel classes of oriented closed geodesics of length $\le t$; then $\lim\limits_{t \to \infty} P_t / \frac{e^{ht}}{ht} = 1$, where $h$ is the entropy of the geodesic flow on the space $SX$ of parametrized unit-speed geodesics in $X$.
We present a quantitative isolation property of the lifts of properly immersed geodesic planes in the frame bundle of a geometrically finite hyperbolic $3$-manifold. Our estimates are polynomials in the tight areas and Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan densities of geodesic planes, with degree given by the modified critical exponents.
Given a connected, oriented, complete, finite area hyperbolic surface $X$ of genus $g$ with $n$ punctures, Mirzakhani showed that the number of multi-geodesics on $X$ of total hyperbolic length $\leq L$ in the mapping class group orbit of a given simple or filling closed multi-curve is asymptotic as $L \to \infty$ to a polynomial in $L$ of degree $6g-6+2n$. We establish asymptotics of the same kind for countings of multi-geodesics in mapping class group orbits of simple or filling closed multi-curves that keep track of the hyperbolic lengths of individual components, proving and generalizing a…
We obtain bounds on the numbers of intersections between triangulations as the conformal structure of a surface varies along a Teichm{ü}ller geodesic contained in an $\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$-orbit closure of rank 1 in the moduli space of Abelian differentials. For $0 \leq θ\leq 1$, we obtain an exponential bound on the number of closed geodesics in the orbit closure, of length at most $R$, that spend at least $θ$-fraction of their length in a region with short saddle connections.
Cutting a hyperbolic surface X along a simple closed multi-geodesic results in a hyperbolic structure on the complementary subsurface. We study the distribution of the shapes of these subsurfaces in moduli space as boundary lengths go to infinity, showing that they equidistribute to the Kontsevich measure on a corresponding moduli space of metric ribbon graphs. In particular, random subsurfaces look like random ribbon graphs, a law which does not depend on the initial choice of X. This result strengthens Mirzakhani's famous simple closed multi-geodesic counting theorems for hyperbolic surfaces…
We calculate the asymptotic average rate at which a generic geodesic on a finite area hyperbolic 2-orbifold returns to an embedded disc on the surface, as well as the average amount of time it spends in the disc during each visit. This includes the case where the center of the disc is a cone point.
For every positive, continuous and homogeneous function $f$ on the space of currents on a compact surface $\overlineΣ$, and for every compactly supported filling current $α$, we compute as $L \to \infty$, the number of mapping classes $ϕ$ so that $f(ϕ(α))\leq L$. As an application, when the surface in question is closed, we prove a lattice counting theorem for Teichmüller space equipped with the Thurston metric.
Counting statistics for geodesics on flat surfaces
本文研究无限图长度函数的计数极限定律，并将其用于平坦曲面，建立测地线几何长度与途经奇点数量的统计比较。
A generic geodesic on a finite area, hyperbolic 2-orbifold exhibits an infinite sequence of penetrations into a neighborhood of a cone singularity, so that the sequence of depths of maximal penetration has a limiting distribution. The distribution function is the same for all such surfaces and is described by a fairly simple formula.
We compute the asymptotic growth rate of the number N(C, R) of closed geodesics of length less than R in a connected component C of a stratum of quadratic differentials. We prove that for any 0 < θ< 1, the number of closed geodesics of length at most R that spend at least θ-fraction of time outside of a compact subset of C is exponentially smaller than N(C, R). The theorem follows from a lattice counting statement. For points x, y in the moduli space M of Riemann surfaces, and for 0 < θ< 1, we find an upper-bound for the number of geodesic paths of length less than R in C which connect a point…
Intersection Points of Closed Geodesics on Hyperbolic Surfaces of Finite Area
本文研究有限面积完备双曲曲面上闭测地线交点的空间分布，证明随长度阈值 T 趋于无穷，这些交点在曲面上趋于等分布。
We study the growth of the number of conjugacy classes of infinite dihedral subgroups of lattices in PSL(2,R), generalizing earlier work of Sarnak and Bourgain-Kontorovich on the growth of the number of reciprocal geodesics on the modular surface. We also prove that reciprocal geodesics are equidistributed in the unit tangent bundle.
Counting geodesics of given commutator length
本文研究闭双曲曲面上可表示为固定数目换位子乘积的周期测地线计数渐近，并通过计数三价图临界实现的方法加以解决，还据此证明 Huber 几何素数定理。
Given integers $g,n \geq 0$ satisfying $2-2g-n < 0$, let $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ be the moduli space of connected, oriented, complete, finite area hyperbolic surfaces of genus $g$ with $n$ cusps. We study the global behavior of the Mirzakhani function $B \colon \mathcal{M}_{g,n} \to \mathbf{R}_{\geq 0}$ which assigns to $X \in \mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ the Thurston measure of the set of measured geodesic laminations on $X$ of hyperbolic length $\leq 1$. We improve bounds of Mirzakhani describing the behavior of this function near the cusp of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ and deduce that $B$ is square-integrable wi…
We prove that if a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold M contains infinitely many totally geodesic surfaces, then M is arithmetic.
We show that the number of square-tiled surfaces of genus $g$, with $n$ marked points, with one or both of its horizontal and vertical foliations belonging to fixed mapping class group orbits, and having at most $L$ squares, is asymptotic to $L^{6g-6+2n}$ times a product of constants appearing in Mirzakhani's count of simple closed hyperbolic geodesics. Many of the results in this paper reflect recent discoveries of Delecroix, Goujard, Zograf, and Zorich, but the approach considered here is very different from theirs. We follow conceptual and geometric methods inspired by Mirzakhani's work.
We show that cusped finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds contain infinitely many simple closed geodesics.
We define a norm on homology of punctured tori equipped with a complete hyperbolic metric of finite volume and use it to find asymptotics on the growth of the number of simple geodesics of bounded length.
Totally geodesic hyperbolic 3-manifolds in hyperbolic link complements of tori in $S^4$
该研究针对四维球面中二维环面的双曲链环补空间，证明其内部不存在闭的嵌入全测地双曲3-流形，为高维双曲流形的几何结构研究提供了新结论。
The lengths of geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces satisfy intriguing equations, known as identities, relating these lengths to geometric quantities of the surface. This paper is about a large family of identities that relate lengths of closed geodesics and orthogeodesics to boundary lengths or number of cusps. These include, as particular cases, identities due to Basmajian, to McShane and to Mirzakhani and Tan-Wong-Zhang. In stark contrast to previous identities, the identities presented here include the lengths taken among all closed geodesics.
The first examples of totally geodesic Seifert surfaces are constructed for hyperbolic knots and links, including both free and totally knotted surfaces. Then it is proved that two bridge knot complements cannot contain totally geodesic orientable surfaces.
We study closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces, and give bounds for their angles of intersection and self-intersection, and for the sides of the polygons that they form, depending only on the lengths of the geodesics
In the present paper, we show that the minimal length of closed geodesics on finite-type hyperbolic surfaces with self-intersection number $k$ has order $2\log k$ as $k$ gets large.
Let $M$ be a compact hyperbolic $3$-manifold with volume $V$. Let $L$ be a link such that $M\setminus L$ is hyperbolic. For any hyperbolic link $L$ in $M$, in this article, we try to establish an upper bound of the length of $n^{th}$ shortest closed geodesic of $M\setminus L$ in terms of $V$.
Kerckhoff and Storm conjectured that compact hyperbolic n-orbifolds with totally geodesic boundary are infinitesimally rigid when n>3. This paper verifies this conjecture for a specific example based on the 4-dimensional hyperbolic 120-cell.
This notes explores angle structures on ideally triangulated compact $3$-manifolds with high genus boundary. We show that the existence of angle structures implies the existence of a hyperbolic metric with totally geodesic boundary, and conversely each hyperbolic $3$-manifold with totally geodesic boundary has an ideal triangulation that admits angle structures.
Shortest filling geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces
该研究确定了模空间中亏格$g$双曲曲面上填充（多）测地线的最短长度，证明其由补集为直角正$(8g-4)$边形的测地线实现，并构造了相应单条测地线。
Let $M$ be a compact hyperbolic $3$-manifold with volume $V$. Let $L$ be a link such that $M\setminus L$ is hyperbolic. For any hyperbolic link $L$ in $M$, in this article, we establish an upper bound of the length of an $n^{th}$ shortest closed geodesic as a logarithmic function of $V$ in $M\setminus L$. Our works complement the work of Lakeland and Leininger \cite{Christopher} on the upper bound of systole length.
We consider the existence of simple closed geodesics or "geodesic knots" in finite volume orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Previous results show that at least one geodesic knot always exists [Bull. London Math. Soc. 31(1) (1999) 81-86], and that certain arithmetic manifolds contain infinitely many geodesic knots [J. Diff. Geom. 38 (1993) 545-558], [Experimental Mathematics 10(3) (2001) 419-436]. In this paper we show that all cusped orientable finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds contain infinitely many geodesic knots. Our proof is constructive, and the infinite family of geodesic knots prod…
We study properties of generic elements of groups of isometries of hyperbolic spaces. Under general combinatorial conditions, we prove that loxodromic elements are generic (i.e. they have full density with respect to counting in balls for the word metric) and translation length grows linearly. We provide applications to a large class of relatively hyperbolic groups and graph products, including right-angled Artin groups and right-angled Coxeter groups.
On geodesic embeddings of hyperbolic surfaces into hyperbolic 3-manifolds
本文研究闭可定向双曲曲面全测地嵌入闭可定向双曲3-流形的问题，证明所有有限不可约群作用下的准柏拉图曲面均存在等变测地嵌入，并讨论更一般有限群作用的情形。
It is a longstanding problem to determine the precise relationship between the geodesic length spectrum of a hyperbolic manifold and its commensurability class. A well known result of Reid, for instance, shows that the geodesic length spectrum of an arithmetic hyperbolic surface determines the surface's commensurability class. It is known, however, that non-commensurable arithmetic hyperbolic surfaces may share arbitrarily large portions of their length spectra. In this paper we investigate this phenomenon and prove a number of quantitative results about the maximum cardinality of a family of …
Bi-geodesic mappings between hyperbolic surfaces with boundary
该研究证明带边界紧双曲曲面间满足自身与逆映射都保测地的双射必为等距映射，完善了双曲曲面测地映射的相关理论。
Explicit Lie bracket of closed geodesics on a hyperbolic surface with applications
本文开发了一套非欧几里得平面几何方法工具箱，基于闭测地线构造性地定义了有向闭曲线形变类上的Goldman括号，并以此代数刻画双曲曲面上无自相交的闭测地线。
In this paper we examine the relationship between the length spectrum and the geometric genus spectrum of an arithmetic hyperbolic 3-orbifold M. In particular we analyze the extent to which the geometry of M is determined by the closed geodesics coming from finite area totally geodesic surfaces. Using a variety of techniques from analytic number theory, we address the following problems: Is the commensurability class of an arithmetic hyperbolic 3-orbifold determined by the lengths of closed geodesics lying on totally geodesic surfaces?, Do there exist arithmetic hyperbolic 3-orbifolds whose "s…
Entropy and self-intersection number of geodesic currents on compact hyperbolic surfaces
研究测地电流在双曲面上的熵与自交数关系，建立熵与自交数及系统最小长度的定量上界，证明小自交数导致小熵。
This article explores closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces. We show that, for sufficiently large $k$, the shortest closed geodesics with at least $k$ self-intersections, taken among all hyperbolic surfaces, all lie on an ideal pair of pants and have length $2\arccosh(2k+1)$.
Let W be a compact hyperbolic n-manifold with totally geodesic boundary. We prove that if n>3 then the holonomy representation of pi_1 (W) into the isometry group of hyperbolic n-space is infinitesimally rigid.
For each $g \ge 2$, we prove existence of a computable constant $ε(g) > 0$ such that if $S$ is a strongly irreducible Heegaard surface of genus $g$ in a complete hyperbolic 3-manifold $M$ and $γ$ is a simple geodesic of length less than $ε(g)$ in $M$, then $γ$ is isotopic into $S$.
Closed geodesics on hyperbolic surfaces with few intersections
本研究针对完备有限型双曲曲面上自交点数≥2的闭测地线，证明其长度有紧下界$2\log(5+2\sqrt6)$，且该下界可在三穿孔球面的螺旋测地线上取到。
Simple geodesics in closed hyperbolic manifolds
该研究针对闭双曲n-流形，证明了长度足够大的随机闭测地线具有指定宽度的领圈，且大部分此类测地线是简单的，正面回答了Kirby列表中的相关问题。
Let M be an orientable hyperbolic surface without boundary and let $γ$ be a closed geodesic in M. We prove that any side of any triangle formed by distinct lifts of $γ$ in H2 is shorter than $γ$.
We give an identity involving sums of functions of lengths of simple closed geodesics, known as a McShane identity, on any non-orientable hyperbolic surface with boundary which generalises Mirzakhani's identities on orientable hyperbolic surfaces with boundary.
Let M be a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold. We show that the number of genus g surface subgroups of the fundamental group of M grows like g^{2g}.
We generalize the results of [AS], finding large classes of totally geodesic Seifert surfaces in hyperbolic knot and link complements, each the lift of a rigid 2-orbifold embedded in some hyperbolic 3-orbifold. In addition, we provide a uniqueness theorem and demonstrate that many knots cannot possess totally geodesic Seifert surfaces by giving bounds on the width invariant in the presence of such a surface. Finally, we utilize these examples to demonstrate that the Six Theorem is sharp for knot complements in the 3-sphere.
Counting cusp excursions of reciprocal geodesics
本文研究了模曲面固定尖点邻域中，进入该邻域固定次数的互反测地线类的计数问题。
Let $Σ$ be a complete finite-area orientable hyperbolic surface with one cusp, and let $\mathcal{R}$ be the space of complete geodesic rays in $Σ$ emanating from the puncture. Then there is a natural action of the mapping class group of $Σ$ on $\mathcal{R}$. We show that this action is "almost everywhere" wandering.
We give sharp upper bounds on the injectivity radii of complete hyperbolic surfaces of finite area with some geodesic boundary components. The given bounds are over all such surfaces with any fixed topology; in particular, boundary lengths are not fixed. This extends the first author's result to the with-boundary setting. In the second part of the paper we comment on another direction for extending this result, via the systole of loops function.
Growth of Simple Closed Geodesics in Finite-Volume Hyperbolic Manifolds
针对闭双曲3-流形，研究其本原简单闭测地线数目随长度的增长规律，得出长度不超过L的该类测地线数目为e^((2+o(1))L)的结论
For $n \ge 2$, we prove that a finite volume complex hyperbolic $n$-manifold containing infinitely many maximal properly immersed totally geodesic submanifolds of dimension at least two is arithmetic, paralleling our previous work for real hyperbolic manifolds. As in the real hyperbolic case, our primary result is a superrigidity theorem for certain representations of complex hyperbolic lattices. The proof requires developing new general tools not needed in the real hyperbolic case. Our main results also have a number of other applications. For example, we prove nonexistence of certain maps be…
We prove that for any orientable connected surface of finite type which is not a a sphere with at most four punctures or a torus with at most two punctures, any homeomorphism of the space of geodesic laminations of this surface, equipped with the Thurston topology, is induced by a homeomorphism of the surface.
Let M be a closed hyperbolic three manifold. We construct closed surfaces which map by immersions into M so that for each one the corresponding mapping on the universal covering spaces is an embedding, or, in other words, the corresponding induced mapping on fundamental groups is an injection.
This paper determines which orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds contain simple closed geodesics. The Fuchsian group corresponding to the thrice-punctured sphere generates the only example of a complete non-elementary orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold that does not contain a simple closed geodesic. We do not assume that the manifold is geometrically finite or that it has finitely generated fundamental group.
We investigate the geometry of word metrics on fundamental groups of manifolds associated with the generating sets consisting of elements represented by closed geodesics. We ask whether the diameter of such a metric is finite or infinite. The first answer we interpret as an abundance of closed geodesics, while the second one as their scarcity. We discuss examples for both cases.
Counting geodesics on expander surfaces
研究高亏格扩张表面中长测地线的非简性和填充性，利用Margulis策略在低长度尺度上进行计数
Geodesic simplices of pseudo-hyperbolic space
本文通过上同调解释伪双曲空间测地单纯形，并给出了其体积有限的充要条件，推导出二维双曲空间中理想测地多面体具有有限体积。
Given a geometrically finite hyperbolic cone-manifold, with the cone singularity sufficiently short, we construct a one parameter family of cone-manifolds decreasing the cone angle to zero. We also control the geometry of this one parameter family via the Schwarzian derivative of the projective boundary and the length of closed geodesics.
In this paper we consider finite volume hyperbolic manifolds X with non-empty totally geodesic boundary. We consider the distribution of the times for the geodesic flow to hit the boundary and derive a formula for the moments of the associated random variable in terms of the orthospectrum. We show that the the first two moments correspond to two cases of known identities for the orthospectrum. We further obtain an explicit formula in terms of the trilogarithm functions for the average time for the geodesic flow to hit the boundary in the surface case, using the third moment.
The space $\mathrm{GC} (Σ)$ of geodesic currents on a hyperbolic surface $Σ$ can be considered as a completion of the set of weighted closed geodesics on $Σ$ when $Σ$ is compact, since the set of rational geodesic currents on $Σ$, which correspond to weighted closed geodesics, is a dense subset of $\mathrm{GC}(Σ)$. We prove that even when $Σ$ is a cusped hyperbolic surface with finite area, $\mathrm{GC}(Σ)$ has the denseness property of rational geodesic currents, which correspond not only to weighted closed geodesics on $Σ$ but also to weighted geodesics connecting two cusps. In addition, we …
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