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arXiv 1904.04068astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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确定长期YSO突出的复发时间尺度

Determining the recurrence timescale of long-lasting YSO outbursts

C. Contreras Peña, T. Naylor, S. Morrell

摘要:

我们通过比较SuperCOSMOS提供的全天空数字化摄影底片调查与盖亚(DR 2)发布的最新数据,确定了I类和II类年轻恒星天体(YSO)中大吸积事件的发生率。55年的长期平均基线以及II类YSO的大样本($\simeq$ 15,000)使我们能够研究约100万YSO年。我们发现139个对象与$ΔR\geq1$ ~马格,其中大部分被发现在1和3马格之间的振幅。在这组中的大多数YSO显示不规则的变化或持久的衰落事件,这是最好的解释热点,由于吸积或变量灭绝。在$ΔR\geq3$ ~mag处有YSO的尾部,它们似乎代表不同的种群。令人惊讶的是,这一组中的许多物体在短于10年的时间尺度上显示出高振幅的不规则变化,与高振幅物体总是有长时间爆发的观点形成对比。然而,我们发现6个物体与经历大的,持久的吸积事件相一致,其中3个以前未知。这产生了一个112 kyr的爆发复发时间尺度,68%的置信区间[74至180] kyr。这代表了第二类YSO爆发率的首次可靠测定,并表明处于行星形成阶段的YSO实际上确实经历了大型吸积事件,时间尺度为$\simeq$ 100,000年。此外,我们发现,爆发在II类阶段是$\simeq$ 10倍,低于在I类阶段。

英文摘要:

We have determined the rate of large accretion events in class I and II young stellar objects (YSOs) by comparing the all-sky digitised photographic plate surveys provided by SuperCOSMOS with the latest data release from Gaia (DR2). The long mean baseline of 55 years along with a large sample of class II YSOs ($\simeq$15,000) allows us to study approximately 1 million YSO-years. We find 139 objects with $ΔR\geq1$~mag, most of which are found at amplitudes between 1 and 3 mag. The majority of YSOs in this group show irregular variability or long-lasting fading events, which is best explained as hot spots due to accretion or by variable extinction. There is a tail of YSOs at $ΔR\geq3$~mag and they seem to represent a different population. Surprisingly many objects in this group show high-amplitude irregular variability over timescales shorter than 10 years, in contrast with the view that high-amplitude objects always have long outbursts. However, we find 6 objects that are consistent with undergoing large, long lasting accretion events, 3 of them previously unknown. This yields an outburst recurrence timescale of 112 kyr, with a 68\% confidence interval [74 to 180] kyr. This represents the first robust determination of the outburst rate in class II YSOs and shows that YSOs in their planet-forming stage do in fact undergo large accretion events, and with timescales of $\simeq$100,000 years. In addition, we find that outbursts in the class II stage are $\simeq$10 times less frequent than during the class I stage.

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