arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1903.04565astro-ph.EPastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRphysics.ao-phphysics.space-ph
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棕矮星和系外行星大气中的闪电和电荷过程

Lightning and charge processes in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres

Christiane Helling, Paul B Rimmer

摘要:

对褐矮星大气成分的研究有助于了解它们的形成和演化。同样,对系外行星大气层的研究有望限制其形成和演化状态。我们使用三维模拟,动力学云形成和动力学离子中性化学的结果来研究电离过程,这将影响他们的大气化学:超热彗星的白昼是由原子氢,而不是H $_2$ O。这样的行星大气表现出相当程度的热电离,并且云只在闪电留下化学示踪剂(例如HCN)的夜晚形成,可能足够长的时间可以被检测到。外部辐射可能会导致系外行星被高度电离的H $_3^+$形成气体的外壳所笼罩,并可能出现由天气驱动的极光。棕矮星使我们能够研究电子束在太阳系外的作用,天气系统驱动的极光样化学,以及强磁场对冷大气气体的影响。电子束在褐矮星(例如LSR-J1835)的高层大气中触发H $_3^+$的形成,H可能与它反应形成水合氢,H $_3$ O $^+$,作为一种寿命更长的化学示踪剂。棕矮星和超高温气体巨星可能是寻找H $_3$ O $^+$作为H $_3^+$产物的绝佳候选者。

英文摘要:

The study of the composition of brown dwarf atmospheres helped to understand their formation and evolution. Similarly, the study of exoplanet atmospheres is expected to constrain their formation and evolutionary states. We use results from 3D simulations, kinetic cloud formation and kinetic ion-neutral chemistry to investigate ionisation processes which will affect their atmosphere chemistry: The dayside of super-hot Jupiters is dominated by atomic hydrogen, and not H$_2$O. Such planetary atmospheres exhibit a substantial degree of thermal ionisation and clouds only form on the nightside where lightning leaves chemical tracers (e.g. HCN) for possibly long enough to be detectable. External radiation may cause exoplanets to be enshrouded in a shell of highly ionised, H$_3^+$-forming gas and a weather-driven aurora may emerge. Brown dwarfs enable us to study the role of electron beams for the emergence of an extrasolar, weather-system driven aurora-like chemistry, and the effect of strong magnetic fields on cold atmospheric gases. Electron beams trigger the formation of H$_3^+$ in the upper atmosphere of a brown dwarf (e.g. LSR-J1835) which may react with it to form hydronium, H$_3$O$^+$, as a longer lived chemical tracer. Brown dwarfs and super-hot gas giants may be excellent candidates to search for H$_3$O$^+$ as an H$_3^+$ product.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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