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arXiv 1903.03339nucl-exastro-ph.SR
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核天体物理截面测量的活化法

The activation method for cross section measurements in nuclear astrophysics

Gy. Gyürky, Zs. Fülöp, F. Käppeler, G. G. Kiss, A. Wallner

摘要:

实验核天体物理学的主要目的是确定在各种天体物理条件下恒星中发生的核反应速率。这些反应速率是了解太阳系和银河系中元素丰度分布的重要组成部分。反应速率由截面确定,截面需要在尽可能接近天体物理学相关能量的情况下测量。在许多情况下,天体物理学上重要的反应的最终核是放射性的,这使得截面可以根据产生的同位素数量的离线测量来确定。一般来说,这种技术被称为激活方法,它往往具有实质性的优势,在束粒子或伽马探测测量。本文从核天体物理的角度对活化方法进行了评述。活化方法的重要方面给出了通过几个反应研究带电粒子,中子和伽马引起的反应。详细介绍了用于测量所产生的活动的各种技术。作为活化的一种特殊情况,还回顾了加速器质谱法在截面测量中的技术。

英文摘要:

The primary aim of experimental nuclear astrophysics is to determine the rates of nuclear reactions taking place in stars in various astrophysical conditions. These reaction rates are important ingredient for understanding the elemental abundance distribution in our solar system and the galaxy. The reaction rates are determined from the cross sections which need to be measured at energies as close to the astrophysically relevant ones as possible. In many cases the final nucleus of an astrophysically important reaction is radioactive which allows the cross section to be determined based on the off-line measurement of the number of produced isotopes. In general, this technique is referred to as the activation method, which often has substantial advantages over in-beam particle- or gamma-detection measurements. In this paper the activation method is reviewed from the viewpoint of nuclear astrophysics. Important aspects of the activation method are given through several reaction studies for charged particle, neutron and gamma-induced reactions. Various techniques for the measurement of the produced activity are detailed. As a special case of activation, the technique of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry in cross section measurements is also reviewed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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