天体物理模拟用核数据
Nuclear Data for Astrophysical Modeling
摘要：
核物理在现代天体物理学和宇宙学中一直扮演着重要的角色。自20世纪50年代初以来，它已成功地用于解释和预测天体物理现象。核物理模型有助于解释观测到的元素和同位素丰度以及恒星演化，并为大爆炸宇宙论提供了宝贵的见解。目前，对恒星表面、太阳系和宇宙射线中观测到的各种元素和同位素丰度进行了计算，并与观测值进行了比较。因此，建模的整体成功关键取决于基础核数据的质量，这些数据有助于将宏观和微观尺度的物理学结合在一起。为了扩大传统核天体物理学活动的范围并产生额外的补充信息，我将研究美国核数据计划（USNDP）数据库在天体物理学应用中的适用性。EXFOR（实验核反应数据）和ENDF（评估核数据文件）库具有很大的天体物理学潜力;前者库包含实验数据集，而后者库包括评估的中子截面。ENSDF（Evaluated原子核结构Data File）数据库是原子核结构和衰变率信息的主要存储库。衰变率是恒星核合成计算中必不可少的，这些速率是使用原子核结构程序计算的。结构评估代码是纯数学程序，可以应用于不同的数据样本。对天体物理学核数据需求作了简要回顾。已经确定了若干机会和相应的计算机工具。进一步的工作将包括广泛分析核数据库和天体物理计算的计算机程序。
英文摘要：
Nuclear physics has been playing an important role in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Since the early 1950's it has been successfully applied for the interpretation and prediction of astrophysical phenomena. Nuclear physics models helped to explain the observed elemental and isotopic abundances and star evolution and provided valuable insights on the Big Bang theory. Today, the variety of elements observed in stellar surfaces, solar system and cosmic rays, and isotope abundances are calculated and compared with the observed values. Consequently, the overall success of the modeling critically depends on the quality of underlying nuclear data that helps to bring physics of macro and micro scales together. To broaden the scope of traditional nuclear astrophysics activities and produce additional complementary information, I will investigate applicability of the U.S. Nuclear Data Program (USNDP) databases for astrophysical applications. EXFOR (Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data) and ENDF (Evaluated Nuclear Data File) libraries have large astrophysics potential; the former library contains experimental data sets while the latter library includes evaluated neutron cross sections. ENSDF (Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File) database is a primary depository of nuclear structure and decay rates information. The decay rates are essential in stellar nucleosynthesis calculations, and these rates are evaluated using nuclear structure codes. The structure evaluation codes are pure mathematical procedures that can be applied to diverse data samples. A brief review of astrophysical nuclear data needs has been presented. Several opportunities and the corresponding computer tools have been identified. Further work will include extensive analysis of nuclear databases and computer procedures for astrophysical calculations.
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