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arXiv 1902.09217cs.CR
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小世界高风险:npm生态系统安全威胁研究

Small World with High Risks: A Study of Security Threats in the npm Ecosystem

Markus Zimmermann, Cristian-Alexandru Staicu, Cam Tenny, Michael Pradel

摘要:

JavaScript的流行导致了一个通过npm软件包注册表提供的第三方包的大型生态系统。npm的开放性推动了它的发展,提供了超过80万个免费和可重用的软件包。不幸的是,这种开放的性质也会导致安全风险,最近发生的单个软件包破坏或攻击数百万台计算机上运行的软件的事件就是明证。本文通过系统地分析软件包之间的依赖关系、负责这些软件包的维护者以及公开报告的安全问题,研究了npm用户的安全风险。通过研究由于第三方依赖而运行易受攻击或恶意代码的可能性,我们发现单个软件包可能会影响整个生态系统的大部分。此外,极少数的维护者帐户可以被用来将恶意代码注入到大多数软件包中,这个问题随着时间的推移而增加。通过研究意外使用易受攻击代码的可能性,我们发现缺乏维护会导致许多软件包依赖于易受攻击的代码,即使在漏洞公开多年后也是如此。我们的研究结果提供的证据表明,npm遭受单点故障和未维护的软件包威胁大型代码库。我们讨论了几种缓解技术,如可信的维护者和总的第一方安全,并分析其潜在的有效性。

英文摘要:

The popularity of JavaScript has lead to a large ecosystem of third-party packages available via the npm software package registry. The open nature of npm has boosted its growth, providing over 800,000 free and reusable software packages. Unfortunately, this open nature also causes security risks, as evidenced by recent incidents of single packages that broke or attacked software running on millions of computers. This paper studies security risks for users of npm by systematically analyzing dependencies between packages, the maintainers responsible for these packages, and publicly reported security issues. Studying the potential for running vulnerable or malicious code due to third-party dependencies, we find that individual packages could impact large parts of the entire ecosystem. Moreover, a very small number of maintainer accounts could be used to inject malicious code into the majority of all packages, a problem that has been increasing over time. Studying the potential for accidentally using vulnerable code, we find that lack of maintenance causes many packages to depend on vulnerable code, even years after a vulnerability has become public. Our results provide evidence that npm suffers from single points of failure and that unmaintained packages threaten large code bases. We discuss several mitigation techniques, such as trusted maintainers and total first-party security, and analyze their potential effectiveness.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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