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arXiv 1902.07501cs.ROcs.AI
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利用刚性触觉传感器阵列学习有效的触觉形状探索

Learning efficient haptic shape exploration with a rigid tactile sensor array

Bielefeld University(比勒费尔德大学);Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学)

Sascha Fleer, Alexandra Moringen, Roberta L. Klatzky, Helge Ritter

摘要:

触觉探索是机器人和人类辨别和处理未知物体或识别熟悉物体的关键技能。其活跃的性质在人类中是显而易见的,人类从早期就可靠地获得了复杂的感觉运动能力,用于主动探索性触摸和定向手动探索,将表面和物体属性与其空间位置相关联。这与机器人技术形成鲜明对比。在这一领域,相对缺乏良好的现实世界交互模型-以及非常有限的传感器和缺乏合适的训练数据来利用机器学习方法-迄今为止,触觉探索在很大程度上是一种欠发达的技能。在目前的工作中,我们连接最近的进展,在经常性的模型的视觉注意力与以前的见解组织的人类触觉搜索行为,探索性的程序和触觉的目光一种新的架构,学习生成模型的触觉探索在模拟的三维环境。所提出的算法同时优化主要的感知-动作回路组件:特征提取,随着时间的推移,集成的功能,和控制策略,同时不断在线采集数据。我们执行多模块神经网络训练,包括特征提取器和递归神经网络模块,以帮助姿势控制,用于存储和组合顺序的感觉数据。在物理驱动的模拟环境中移动的刚性$16 \times 16$触觉传感器阵列的所得触觉元控制器(称为触觉注意力模型)执行触觉扫视序列,并输出相应的力测量。所得方法已在四个不同的对象上成功测试。它实现了接近$100 \%$的结果,同时执行针对其自身传感器形态优化的对象轮廓探索。

英文摘要:

Haptic exploration is a key skill for both robots and humans to discriminate and handle unknown objects or to recognize familiar objects. Its active nature is evident in humans who from early on reliably acquire sophisticated sensory-motor capabilities for active exploratory touch and directed manual exploration that associates surfaces and object properties with their spatial locations. This is in stark contrast to robotics. In this field, the relative lack of good real-world interaction models - along with very restricted sensors and a scarcity of suitable training data to leverage machine learning methods - has so far rendered haptic exploration a largely underdeveloped skill. In the present work, we connect recent advances in recurrent models of visual attention with previous insights about the organisation of human haptic search behavior, exploratory procedures and haptic glances for a novel architecture that learns a generative model of haptic exploration in a simulated three-dimensional environment. The proposed algorithm simultaneously optimizes main perception-action loop components: feature extraction, integration of features over time, and the control strategy, while continuously acquiring data online. We perform a multi-module neural network training, including a feature extractor and a recurrent neural network module aiding pose control for storing and combining sequential sensory data. The resulting haptic meta-controller for the rigid $16 \times 16$ tactile sensor array moving in a physics-driven simulation environment, called the Haptic Attention Model, performs a sequence of haptic glances, and outputs corresponding force measurements. The resulting method has been successfully tested with four different objects. It achieved results close to $100 \%$ while performing object contour exploration that has been optimized for its own sensor morphology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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