In recent years, object detection has experienced impressive progress. Despite these improvements, there is still a significant gap in the performance between the detection of small and large objects. We analyze the current state-of-the-art model, Mask-RCNN, on a challenging dataset, MS COCO. We show that the overlap between small ground-truth objects and the predicted anchors is much lower than the expected IoU threshold. We conjecture this is due to two factors; (1) only a few images are containing small objects, and (2) small objects do not appear enough even within each image containing them. We thus propose to oversample those images with small objects and augment each of those images by copy-pasting small objects many times. It allows us to trade off the quality of the detector on large objects with that on small objects. We evaluate different pasting augmentation strategies, and ultimately, we achieve 9.7\% relative improvement on the instance segmentation and 7.1\% on the object detection of small objects, compared to the current state of the art method on MS COCO.
Data augmentation has been widely adopted for object detection in 3D point clouds. However, all previous related efforts have focused on manually designing specific data augmentation methods for individual architectures. In this work, we present the first attempt to automate the design of data augmentation policies for 3D object detection. We introduce the Progressive Population Based Augmentation (PPBA) algorithm, which learns to optimize augmentation strategies by narrowing down the search space and adopting the best parameters discovered in previous iterations. On the KITTI 3D detection tes…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；ByteDance AI Lab（字节跳动人工智能实验室）；SmartMore
We propose Scale-aware AutoAug to learn data augmentation policies for object detection. We define a new scale-aware search space, where both image- and box-level augmentations are designed for maintaining scale invariance. Upon this search space, we propose a new search metric, termed Pareto Scale Balance, to facilitate search with high efficiency. In experiments, Scale-aware AutoAug yields significant and consistent improvement on various object detectors (e.g., RetinaNet, Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN, and FCOS), even compared with strong multi-scale training baselines. Our searched augmentation…
University of Leicester（莱斯特大学）；Ocean University of China（中国海洋大学）
Underwater object detection technique is of great significance for various applications in underwater the scenes. However, class imbalance issue is still an unsolved bottleneck for current underwater object detection algorithms. It leads to large precision discrepancies among different classes that the dominant classes with more training data achieve higher detection precisions while the minority classes with fewer training data achieves much lower detection precisions. In this paper, we propose a novel class-wise style augmentation (CWSA) algorithm to generate a class-balanced underwater data…
Data augmentation has always been an effective way to overcome overfitting issue when the dataset is small. There are already lots of augmentation operations such as horizontal flip, random crop or even Mixup. However, unlike image classification task, we cannot simply perform these operations for object detection task because of the lack of labeled bounding boxes information for corresponding generated images. To address this challenge, we propose a framework making use of Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN) to perform unsupervised data augmentation. To be specific, based on the recently sup…
For 3D object detection, labeling lidar point cloud is difficult, so data augmentation is an important module to make full use of precious annotated data. As a widely used data augmentation method, GT-sample effectively improves detection performance by inserting groundtruths into the lidar frame during training. However, these samples are often placed in unreasonable areas, which misleads model to learn the wrong context information between targets and backgrounds. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a context-aware data augmentation method (CA-aug) , which ensures the reasonab…
Semantic image segmentation aims to obtain object labels with precise boundaries, which usually suffers from overfitting. Recently, various data augmentation strategies like regional dropout and mix strategies have been proposed to address the problem. These strategies have proved to be effective for guiding the model to attend on less discriminative parts. However, current strategies operate at the image level, and objects and the background are coupled. Thus, the boundaries are not well augmented due to the fixed semantic scenario. In this paper, we propose ObjectAug to perform object-level …
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology（斯科尔科沃科学技术研究院）
Today deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) push the limits for most computer vision problems, define trends, and set state-of-the-art results. In remote sensing tasks such as object detection and semantic segmentation, CNNs reach the SotA performance. However, for precise performance, CNNs require much high-quality training data. Rare objects and the variability of environmental conditions strongly affect prediction stability and accuracy. To overcome these data restrictions, it is common to consider various approaches including data augmentation techniques. This study focuses on the deve…
Data augmentation has greatly contributed to improving the performance in image recognition tasks, and a lot of related studies have been conducted. However, data augmentation on 3D point cloud data has not been much explored. 3D label has more sophisticated and rich structural information than the 2D label, so it enables more diverse and effective data augmentation. In this paper, we propose part-aware data augmentation (PA-AUG) that can better utilize rich information of 3D label to enhance the performance of 3D object detectors. PA-AUG divides objects into partitions and stochastically appl…
Shape deformation of targets in SAR image due to random orientation and partial information loss caused by occlusion of the radar signal, is an essential challenge in SAR ship detection. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method to train a deep network that is robust to partial information loss within the targets. Taking advantage of ground-truth annotations for bounding box and instance segmentation mask, we present a simple and effective pipeline to simulate information loss on targets in instance-level, while preserving contextual information. Furthermore, we adopt deformable con…
Adversarial Patch Attack for Ship Detection via Localized Augmentation
State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, College of Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China（空间基准状态关键实验室，遥感与地理信息工程学院，地理科学与工程学院，河南大学，郑州450046，中国）；National Key Laboratory of Integrated Technology on Aircraft Control, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China（航空控制集成技术国家实验室，北京航空航天大学，北京100191，中国）；School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China（计算机与信息工程学院，河南大学，开封475004，中国）；State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China（空间基准状态关键实验室，河南大学，郑州450046，中国）
Data augmentation is a critical component of training deep learning models. Although data augmentation has been shown to significantly improve image classification, its potential has not been thoroughly investigated for object detection. Given the additional cost for annotating images for object detection, data augmentation may be of even greater importance for this computer vision task. In this work, we study the impact of data augmentation on object detection. We first demonstrate that data augmentation operations borrowed from image classification may be helpful for training detection model…
Despite the impressive progress brought by deep network in visual object recognition, robot vision is still far from being a solved problem. The most successful convolutional architectures are developed starting from ImageNet, a large scale collection of images of object categories downloaded from the Web. This kind of images is very different from the situated and embodied visual experience of robots deployed in unconstrained settings. To reduce the gap between these two visual experiences, this paper proposes a simple yet effective data augmentation layer that zooms on the object of interest…
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology（新墨西哥矿业技术学院）；Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；Descartes Labs, Inc.（笛卡尔实验室公司）
Anomalous change detection (ACD) methods separate common, uninteresting changes from rare, significant changes in co-registered images collected at different points in time. In this paper we evaluate methods to improve the performance of ACD in detecting human activity in SAR imagery using outdoor music festivals as a target. Our results show that the low dimensionality of SAR data leads to poor performance of ACD when compared to simpler methods such as image differencing, but augmenting the dimensionality of our input feature space by incorporating local spatial information leads to enhanced…
Data augmentation is a key component of CNN based image recognition tasks like object detection. However, it is relatively less explored for 3D object detection. Many standard 2D object detection data augmentation techniques do not extend to 3D box. Extension of these data augmentations for 3D object detection requires adaptation of the 3D geometry of the input scene and synthesis of new viewpoints. This requires accurate depth information of the scene which may not be always available. In this paper, we evaluate existing 2D data augmentations and propose two novel augmentations for monocular …
ASELSAN Inc.（ASELSAN公司）；Middle East Technical University（中东技术大学）
Atmospheric turbulence has a degrading effect on the image quality of long-range observation systems. As a result of various elements such as temperature, wind velocity, humidity, etc., turbulence is characterized by random fluctuations in the refractive index of the atmosphere. It is a phenomenon that may occur in various imaging spectra such as the visible or the infrared bands. In this paper, we analyze the effects of atmospheric turbulence on object detection performance in thermal imagery. We use a geometric turbulence model to simulate turbulence effects on a medium-scale thermal image s…
In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation technique (ANDA) applied to the Salient Object Detection (SOD) context. Standard data augmentation techniques proposed in the literature, such as image cropping, rotation, flipping, and resizing, only generate variations of the existing examples, providing a limited generalization. Our method has the novelty of creating new images, by combining an object with a new background while retaining part of its salience in this new context; To do so, the ANDA technique relies on the linear combination between labeled salient objects and new backgroun…
Autonomous driving datasets are often skewed and in particular, lack training data for objects at farther distances from the ego vehicle. The imbalance of data causes a performance degradation as the distance of the detected objects increases. In this paper, we propose pattern-aware ground truth sampling, a data augmentation technique that downsamples an object's point cloud based on the LiDAR's characteristics. Specifically, we mimic the natural diverging point pattern variation that occurs for objects at depth to simulate samples at farther distances. Thus, the network has more diverse train…
Human-Object Interaction detection is a holistic visual recognition task that entails object detection as well as interaction classification. Previous works of HOI detection has been addressed by the various compositions of subset predictions, e.g., Image -> HO -> I, Image -> HI -> O. Recently, transformer based architecture for HOI has emerged, which directly predicts the HOI triplets in an end-to-end fashion (Image -> HOI). Motivated by various inference paths for HOI detection, we propose cross-path consistency learning (CPC), which is a novel end-to-end learning strategy to improve HOI det…
Object detection in aerial images is a challenging task due to the following reasons: (1) objects are small and dense relative to images; (2) the object scale varies in a wide range; (3) the number of object in different classes is imbalanced. Many current methods adopt cropping idea: splitting high resolution images into serials subregions (chips) and detecting on them. However, some problems such as scale variation, object sparsity, and class imbalance exist in the process of training network with chips. In this work, three augmentation methods are introduced to relieve these problems. Speci…
In this work, we shed light on different data augmentation techniques commonly used in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) based 3D Object Detection. For the bulk of our experiments, we utilize the well known PointPillars pipeline and the well established KITTI dataset. We investigate a variety of global and local augmentation techniques, where global augmentation techniques are applied to the entire point cloud of a scene and local augmentation techniques are only applied to points belonging to individual objects in the scene. Our findings show that both types of data augmentation can lead to…
It is counter-intuitive that multi-modality methods based on point cloud and images perform only marginally better or sometimes worse than approaches that solely use point cloud. This paper investigates the reason behind this phenomenon. Due to the fact that multi-modality data augmentation must maintain consistency between point cloud and images, recent methods in this field typically use relatively insufficient data augmentation. This shortage makes their performance under expectation. Therefore, we contribute a pipeline, named transformation flow, to bridge the gap between single and multi-…
University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
The use of random perturbations of ground truth data, such as random translation or scaling of bounding boxes, is a common heuristic used for data augmentation that has been shown to prevent overfitting and improve generalization. Since the design of data augmentation is largely guided by reported best practices, it is difficult to understand if those design choices are optimal. To provide a more principled perspective, we develop a game-theoretic interpretation of data augmentation in the context of object detection. We aim to find an optimal adversarial perturbations of the ground truth data…
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)（光州科学技术院）
Understanding assembly instruction has the potential to enhance the robot s task planning ability and enables advanced robotic applications. To recognize the key components from the 2D assembly instruction image, We mainly focus on segmenting the speech bubble area, which contains lots of information about instructions. For this, We applied Cascade Mask R-CNN and developed a context-aware data augmentation scheme for speech bubble segmentation, which randomly combines images cuts by considering the context of assembly instructions. We showed that the proposed augmentation scheme achieves a bet…
School of Electronics and Computer Science（电子与计算机科学学院）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）
Object Detection has been a significant topic in computer vision. As the continuous development of Deep Learning, many advanced academic and industrial outcomes are established on localising and classifying the target objects, such as instance segmentation, video tracking and robotic vision. As the core concept of Deep Learning, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and associated training are highly integrated with task-driven modelling, having great effects on accurate detection. The main focus of improving detection performance is proposing DNNs with extra layers and novel topological connections to …
Detecting the positions of human hands and objects-in-contact (hand-object detection) in each video frame is vital for understanding human activities from videos. For training an object detector, a method called Mixup, which overlays two training images to mitigate data bias, has been empirically shown to be effective for data augmentation. However, in hand-object detection, mixing two hand-manipulation images produces unintended biases, e.g., the concentration of hands and objects in a specific region degrades the ability of the hand-object detector to identify object boundaries. We propose a…
Data augmentation has become a de facto component for training high-performance deep image classifiers, but its potential is under-explored for object detection. Noting that most state-of-the-art object detectors benefit from fine-tuning a pre-trained classifier, we first study how the classifiers' gains from various data augmentations transfer to object detection. The results are discouraging; the gains diminish after fine-tuning in terms of either accuracy or robustness. This work instead augments the fine-tuning stage for object detectors by exploring adversarial examples, which can be view…
Enhance Then Search: An Augmentation-Search Strategy with Foundation Models for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Object Detection
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Domain adaptive object detection (DAOD) aims to improve the generalization ability of detectors when the training and test data are from different domains. Considering the significant domain gap, some typical methods, e.g., CycleGAN-based methods, adopt the intermediate domain to bridge the source and target domains progressively. However, the CycleGAN-based intermediate domain lacks the pix- or instance-level supervision for object detection, which leads to semantic differences. To address this problem, in this paper, we introduce a Frequency Spectrum Augmentation Consistency (FSAC) framework…
European University of Bangladesh（孟加拉欧洲大学）；University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh（孟加拉自由艺术大学）
The aim of this research is to detect small objects with low resolution and noise. The existing real time object detection algorithm is based on the deep neural network of convolution need to perform multilevel convolution and pooling operations on the entire image to extract a deep semantic characteristic of the image. The detection models perform better for large objects. The features of existing models do not fully represent the essential features of small objects after repeated convolution operations. We have introduced a novel real time detection algorithm which employs upsampling and ski…
In this paper, we present an Improved Data Augmentation (IDA) technique focused on Salient Object Detection (SOD). Standard data augmentation techniques proposed in the literature, such as image cropping, rotation, flipping, and resizing, only generate variations of the existing examples, providing a limited generalization. Our method combines image inpainting, affine transformations, and the linear combination of different generated background images with salient objects extracted from labeled data. Our proposed technique enables more precise control of the object's position and size while pr…
School of information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University（兰州大学信息科学与工程学院）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学医学工程学院）
In recent years, the incidence of depression is rising rapidly worldwide, but large-scale depression screening is still challenging. Gait analysis provides a non-contact, low-cost, and efficient early screening method for depression. However, the early screening of depression based on gait analysis lacks sufficient effective sample data. In this paper, we propose a skeleton data augmentation method for assessing the risk of depression. First, we propose five techniques to augment skeleton data and apply them to depression and emotion datasets. Then, we divide augmentation methods into two type…
In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method for action recognition using instance segmentation. Although many data augmentation methods have been proposed for image recognition, few of them are tailored for action recognition. Our proposed method, ObjectMix, extracts each object region from two videos using instance segmentation and combines them to create new videos. Experiments on two action recognition datasets, UCF101 and HMDB51, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show its superiority over VideoMix, a prior work.
We propose an efficient and generative augmentation approach to solve the inadequacy concern of underwater debris data for visual detection. We use cycleGAN as a data augmentation technique to convert openly available, abundant data of terrestrial plastic to underwater-style images. Prior works just focus on augmenting or enhancing existing data, which moreover adds bias to the dataset. Compared to our technique, which devises variation, transforming additional in-air plastic data to the marine background. We also propose a novel architecture for underwater debris detection using an attention …
Multiview detection incorporates multiple camera views to deal with occlusions, and its central problem is multiview aggregation. Given feature map projections from multiple views onto a common ground plane, the state-of-the-art method addresses this problem via convolution, which applies the same calculation regardless of object locations. However, such translation-invariant behaviors might not be the best choice, as object features undergo various projection distortions according to their positions and cameras. In this paper, we propose a novel multiview detector, MVDeTr, that adopts a newly…
Detection of rare objects (e.g., traffic cones, traffic barrels and traffic warning triangles) is an important perception task to improve the safety of autonomous driving. Training of such models typically requires a large number of annotated data which is expensive and time consuming to obtain. To address the above problem, an emerging approach is to apply data augmentation to automatically generate cost-free training samples. In this work, we propose a systematic study on simple Copy-Paste data augmentation for rare object detection in autonomous driving. Specifically, local adaptive instanc…
