This article presents a modeling framework for a class of multiphase chemical systems based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Compartmental modeling is used to establish the dynamic properties of liquid-vapor systems operating far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition to the bulk-phase molar/energetic dynamics, interface transport processes yield to algebraic constraints in the model description. The irreversible system is thus written as a system of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs). The non-equilibrium liquid-vapor DAE system is proven to be of index one. A local stability analysis for the model shows that the equilibrium state is unstable for non-isobaric operation regimes, whereas numerical evidence shows that isobaric operation regimes are stable. To extend the stability analysis, internal entropy production for the irreversible flash-drum is presented as a Lyapunov function candidate.
Modified fluctuation-dissipation and Einstein relation at non-equilibrium steady states
从G. S. Agarwal [Zeitschrift für Physik 252,25(1972)],我们提出了一个统一的推导一些修改的波动耗散关系(MFDR),涉及到响应周围的小扰动非平衡稳态的相关性。使用这种形式主义,我们表明使用连续朗之万和离散主方程动力学导出的MFDR的速度形式的等价性。由此产生的添加剂修正爱因斯坦关系的例子使用闪烁棘轮模型的分子马达。
From bulk to interface dynamics, in and out of equilibrium
Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité & CNRS (UMR 7057)(复杂物质与系统实验室,巴黎西岱大学及法国国家科学研究中心);Department of Physics, Massachussets Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院物理系);Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University(京都大学汤川理论物理研究所)
Atypically large fluctuations in macroscopic non-equilibrium systems continue to attract interest. Their probability can often be determined by the optimal fluctuation method (OFM). The OFM brings about a conditional variational problem, the solution of which describes the "optimal path" of the system which dominates the contribution of different stochastic paths to the desired statistics. The OFM proved efficient in evaluating the probabilities of rare events in a host of systems. However, theoretically predicted optimal paths were observed in stochastic simulations only in diffusive lattice …
A fluid in a non-equilibrium state exhibits long-ranged correlations of its hydrodynamic fluctuations. In this article, we examine the effect of a transpiration interface on these correlations -- specifically, we consider a dilute gas in a domain bisected by the interface. The system is held in a non-equilibrium steady state by using isothermal walls to impose a temperature gradient. The gas is simulated using both direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD). For the FHD simulations two models are developed for the interface based on master equation and Langevin ap…
We find stationary thin-brane geometries that are dual to far-from-equilibrium steady states of two-dimensional holographic interfaces. The flow of heat at the boundary agrees with the result of CFT and the known energy-transport coefficients of the thin-brane model. We argue that by entangling outgoing excitations the interface produces coarse-grained entropy at a maximal rate, and point out similarities and differences with double-sided black funnels. The non-compact, non-Killing and far from-equilibrium event horizon of our solutions coincides with the local (apparent) horizon on the colder…