流体-流体及固相界面的一阶热力学平衡条件
On first-order thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for fluid-fluid and solid-phase interfaces
AI总结：
该研究基于Larché和Cahn的变分公式，构建了统一热力学框架，将界面热力学纳入变分原理，为多相系统平衡关系提供了共同理论基础。
AI中文摘要：
从Larché和Cahn提出的固体与流体接触的约束变分公式出发，构建了此类系统的统一热力学框架。体相和界面的平衡条件均源自单一热力学泛函的平稳性条件。早期理论忽略了对界面贡献的完整处理，因此无法描述表面效应显著的系统，而本公式将界面热力学直接纳入变分原理。该框架首先针对流体-流体系统引入以确立基础数学结构，随后扩展至固-流体界面。在此框架内，多相系统的经典平衡关系自然源自不同类别的容许变分，为体相、界面及构型热力学提供了共同的理论基础。
英文摘要：
Starting from the constrained variational formulation of Larché and Cahn for solids in contact with fluids, a unified thermodynamic framework for such systems is developed. Both bulk and interfacial equilibrium conditions arise as stationarity conditions of a single thermodynamic functional. While earlier theory neglects a full treatment of interfacial contributions and therefore cannot describe systems in which surface effects are significant, the present formulation incorporates interfacial thermodynamics directly into the variational principle. The framework is introduced first for fluid-fluid systems to establish the underlying mathematical structure, and is then extended to solid-fluid interfaces. Within this setting, classical equilibrium relations for heterogeneous systems emerge naturally from different classes of admissible variations, providing a common theoretical basis for bulk, interfacial, and configurational thermodynamics.
