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arXiv 1902.02792astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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低电离光子逃逸率宇宙再电离的条件

Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with A Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction

Steven L. Finkelstein, Anson D'Aloisio, Jan-Pieter Paardekooper, Russell Ryan, Peter Behroozi, Kristian Finlator, Rachael Livermore, Phoebe R. Upton Sanderbeck,… 展开作者

Steven L. Finkelstein, Anson D'Aloisio, Jan-Pieter Paardekooper, Russell Ryan, Peter Behroozi, Kristian Finlator, Rachael Livermore, Phoebe R. Upton Sanderbeck, Claudio Dalla Vecchia, Sadegh Khochfar

摘要:

我们探讨了低星系电离光子逃逸分数的星系际介质再电离的情况。我们结合基于模拟的晕质量依赖逃逸分数外推所观察到的星系休息紫外光度函数,以解决从z=20到z=4的再电离历史。我们探索关键未知量的后验分布,包括恒星形成的极限晕质量,电离光子产生效率,以及活动星系核(AGN)的潜在贡献。我们边缘化的允许参数空间使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法,找到一个解决方案,满足最独立的模型约束再电离。我们的基准模型可以匹配观测约束与平均逃逸分数<5%的整个大部分的时代的再电离,如果:i)星系形成恒星下降到原子冷却极限前再电离和光抑制质量的log再电离期间/之后(M_h/Msol)~9(-13<M_UV,lim<-11); ii)星系在更高的红移和更暗的量级上成为更有效的电离光子的生产者,以及iii)存在显著的,但次主导的,z < 7时AGN的贡献。在这个模型中,最暗的星系(M_UV>-15)的电离发射率占主导地位,导致较早的再电离开始和较平滑的电离体积填充分数的演变比模型,假设一个单一的逃逸分数在所有的红移和光度。这个模型的电离发射率与z=4-5(以及更低,外推时)的观测结果一致,与一些假设单个逃逸分数的模型相反。根据对z = 7的Lya发射体的观测和对两个z>7的类星体的阻尼翼分析,我们预测了z=7时QHII =78%(± 8%)的电离体积填充率在~1-2 σ张力范围内,这两个类星体更倾向于QHII,z=7~40- 50%。

英文摘要:

We explore scenarios for reionizing the intergalactic medium with low galaxy ionizing photon escape fractions. We combine simulation-based halo-mass dependent escape fractions with an extrapolation of the observed galaxy rest-ultraviolet luminosity functions to solve for the reionization history from z=20 to z=4. We explore the posterior distributions for key unknown quantities, including the limiting halo mass for star-formation, the ionizing photon production efficiency, and a potential contribution from active galactic nuclei (AGN). We marginalize over the allowable parameter space using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, finding a solution which satisfies the most model-independent constraints on reionization. Our fiducial model can match observational constraints with an average escape fraction of <5% throughout the bulk of the epoch of reionization if: i) galaxies form stars down to the atomic cooling limit before reionization and a photosuppression mass of log(M_h/Msol)~9 during/after reionization (-13<M_UV,lim<-11); ii) galaxies become more efficient producers of ionizing photons at higher redshifts and fainter magnitudes, and iii) there is a significant, but sub-dominant, contribution by AGN at z < 7. In this model the faintest galaxies (M_UV>-15) dominate the ionizing emissivity, leading to an earlier start to reionization and a smoother evolution of the ionized volume filling fraction than models which assume a single escape fraction at all redshifts and luminosities. The ionizing emissivity from this model is consistent with observations at z=4-5 (and below, when extrapolated), in contrast to some models which assume a single escape fraction. Our predicted ionized volume filling fraction at z=7 of Q_HII=78% (+\- 8%) is in ~1-2 sigma tension with observations of Lya emitters at z~7 and the damping wing analyses of the two known z>7 quasars, which prefer Q_HII,z=7~40-50%.

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