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arXiv 1209.1387astro-ph.CO
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对第一镓离子化效率的限制

Constraints on the Ionizing Efficiency of the First Galaxies

Marcelo A. Alvarez, Kristian Finlator, Michele Trenti

摘要:

对莱曼α森林和z~5-10的高红移星系的观测表明,在z~5-6时,宇宙中的光子刚好足够维持电离状态,这表明再电离的“光子饥饿”结束。电离发射率必须在较早的时候更大,以产生延长再电离的历史所暗示的电子散射光学深度约束从WMAP。在这里,我们解决的可能性,一个微弱的人口的星系与主机晕质量约1 e8 - 1 e9 Msun主导的电离光子预算在红移约z>9,由于他们更高的逃逸分数。这样微弱的早期星系,由于受到来自紫外线背景(UVB)加热的抑制,不会在电离区形成,因此在再电离完成后,不会对z<6的电离背景产生影响。我们的模型匹配:(1)在高红移星系中观测到的低逃逸分数,(2)τ_s ~0.09的WMAP约束,(3)在z<6时UVB的低值,(4)从Lyman-break星系推断的恒星形成率密度。在这种情况下,不需要来自流行三世明星的头重脚轻的IMF。我们将我们的模型与最近的文献中的模型进行比较,这些文献被迫引入一个逃逸分数,该分数朝着高红移强烈增加,并表明如果低质量星系具有高逃逸分数,则会自然发生类似的演化。

英文摘要:

Observations of the Lyman-alpha forest and of high-redshift galaxies at z~5-10 imply that there were just enough photons to maintain the universe in an ionized state at z~5-6, indicating a "photon-starved" end to reionization. The ionizing emissivity must have been larger at earlier times in order to yield the extended reionization history implied by the electron scattering optical depth constraint from WMAP. Here we address the possibility that a faint population of galaxies with host halo masses of ~1e8-1e9 Msun dominated the ionizing photon budget at redshifts of about z>9, due to their much higher escape fractions. Such faint, early galaxies, would not have formed in ionized regions due to suppression by heating from the UV background (UVB), and would therefore not contribute to the ionizing background at z<6, after reionization is complete. Our model matches: (1) the low escape fractions observed for high-redshift galaxies, (2) the WMAP constraint of tau_es~0.09, (3) the low values for the UVB at z<6, and (4) the observed star formation rate density inferred from Lyman-break galaxies. A top heavy IMF from Pop III stars is not required in this scenario. We compare our model to recent ones in the literature that were forced to introduce an escape fraction that increases strongly towards high redshift, and show that a similar evolution occurs naturally if low mass galaxies possess high escape fractions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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