arXiv 1902.009282019-02-03astro-ph.IM

Apache Point Observatory星系演化Experiment（APOGEE）光谱仪

The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs

J. C. Wilson, F. R. Hearty, M. F. Skrutskie, S. R. Majewski, J. A. Holtzman, D. Eisenstein, J. Gunn, B. Blank, C. Henderson, S. Smee, M. Nelson, D. Nidever, J. … 展开作者

J. C. Wilson, F. R. Hearty, M. F. Skrutskie, S. R. Majewski, J. A. Holtzman, D. Eisenstein, J. Gunn, B. Blank, C. Henderson, S. Smee, M. Nelson, D. Nidever, J. Arns, R. Barkhouser, J. Barr, S. Beland, M. A. Bershady, M. R. Blanton, S. Brunner, A. Burton, L. Carey, M. Carr, J. P. Colque, J. Crane, G. J. Damke, J. W. Davidson, J. Dean, F. Di Mille, K. W. Don, G. Ebelke, M. Evans, G. Fitzgerald, B. Gillespie, M. Hall, A. Harding, P. Harding, R. Hammond, D. Hancock, C. Harrison, S. Hope, T. Horne, J. Karakla, C. Lam, F. Leger, N. MacDonald, P. Maseman, J. Matsunari, S. Melton, T. Mitcheltree, T. O'Brien, R. W. O'Connell, A. Patten, W. Richardson, G. Rieke, M. Rieke, A. Roman-Lopes, R. P. Schiavon, J. S. Sobeck, T. Stolberg, R. Stoll, M. Tembe, J. D. Trujillo, A. Uomoto, M. Vernieri, E. Walker, D. H. Weinberg, E. Young, B. Anthony-Brumfield, D. Bizyaev, B. Breslauer, N. De Lee, J. Downey, S. Halverson, J. Huehnerhoff, M. Klaene, E. Leon, D. Long, S. Mahadevan, E. Malanushenko, D. C. Nguyen, R. Owen, J. R. Sanchez-Gallego, C. Sayres, N. Shane, S. A. Shectman, M. Shetrone, D. Skinner, F. Stauffer, B. Zhao

备注：: 81 pages, 67 figures, PASP, accepted
DOI：: 10.1088/1538-3873/ab0075

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摘要：

本文描述了为阿帕奇点天文台星系演化实验（APOGEE）建造的近红外（1.51- 1.70微米）、光纤馈电、多目标（300根光纤）、高分辨率（R = λ/Δ λ ~ 22，500）摄谱仪的设计和性能。APOGEE是一个对大约10^5颗红巨星的巡天，系统地对银河系的所有种群（球核、盘和晕）进行采样，以研究银河系的化学和运动学历史。它是2011 - 2014年斯隆数字巡天III（SDSS-III）的一部分，使用新墨西哥州阿帕奇角天文台的2.5米斯隆基金会望远镜。APOGEE-2巡天目前正在使用SDSS-IV的光谱仪，以及第二个光谱仪，第一个光谱仪的密切复制品，在智利拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台的2.5米杜邦望远镜上运行。虽然已经为可见光波长光谱学建造了几台光纤馈电的多目标高分辨率光谱仪，但APOGEE光谱仪是第一台为近红外观测建造的仪器之一。该仪器的成功开发得益于几项关键创新，包括允许同时连接300根光纤的“组合连接器”;允许光纤连续穿过低温恒温器壁的密封馈线;第一个低温部署的镶嵌体相位全息光栅;和一个大型折射相机，包括单晶硅和熔融石英元件，直径大到~本文全面介绍了该仪器的各个方面，包括光纤系统、光学和光机械、探测器阵列、机械和低温、仪器控制、校准系统、光学性能和稳定性、经验教训、以及第二台仪器的设计变更。

英文摘要：

We describe the design and performance of the near-infrared (1.51--1.70 micron), fiber-fed, multi-object (300 fibers), high resolution (R = lambda/delta lambda ~ 22,500) spectrograph built for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). APOGEE is a survey of ~ 10^5 red giant stars that systematically sampled all Milky Way populations (bulge, disk, and halo) to study the Galaxy's chemical and kinematical history. It was part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) from 2011 -- 2014 using the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico. The APOGEE-2 survey is now using the spectrograph as part of SDSS-IV, as well as a second spectrograph, a close copy of the first, operating at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. Although several fiber-fed, multi-object, high resolution spectrographs have been built for visual wavelength spectroscopy, the APOGEE spectrograph is one of the first such instruments built for observations in the near-infrared. The instrument's successful development was enabled by several key innovations, including a "gang connector" to allow simultaneous connections of 300 fibers; hermetically sealed feedthroughs to allow fibers to pass through the cryostat wall continuously; the first cryogenically deployed mosaic volume phase holographic grating; and a large refractive camera that includes mono-crystalline silicon and fused silica elements with diameters as large as ~ 400 mm. This paper contains a comprehensive description of all aspects of the instrument including the fiber system, optics and opto-mechanics, detector arrays, mechanics and cryogenics, instrument control, calibration system, optical performance and stability, lessons learned, and design changes for the second instrument.

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