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arXiv 1901.09463astro-ph.EP
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多次撞击的动力学效应:对类火星行星的大撞击

Dynamical effects of multiple impacts: Large impacts on a Mars-like planet

Thomas Ruedas, Doris Breuer

摘要:

一个完全组装的行星演化的最早阶段受到许多盆地形成影响的深刻影响,这些影响大到足以改变其更深内部的动力学。在某些情况下,这些影响的间隔很近,在很短的时间间隔内一个接着一个,因此它们的影响相互作用,导致的行为可能不同于两个单独和孤立影响的简单总和。我们使用二维模型的地幔对流在一个类火星行星和一个简单的参数化表示的影响的主要影响,研究一些动力学效应和相互作用的多个大的影响。在模型中,只有两个影响,我们确认,相互加强的动态影响的影响,更接近他们在空间和时间,但效果并不总是对应于简单的叠加的那些单一的,孤立的影响。在具有不同大小、距离和频率的多个(4-8个)撞击的模型中,地幔的全球响应在短期内与撞击序列一样可变,但在长期内,不同的演化路径收敛于几个指示变量,如平均流速、温度或热流。尽管如此,超过一定的冲击频率和能量,岩石圈不稳定性引发的大的影响发生在全球范围内,振兴地幔动力学的长时间跨度,并需要一个后期阶段的熔融生产除了在一个或两个影响模型中没有观察到的初始熔融阶段。在一次或几次非常大的撞击之后,一些岩石圈物质可能会下沉到地核-地幔边界,如果有足够的物质在那里积累,它会在数亿年内增加地核的热通量,可能会影响发电机的活动。

英文摘要:

The earliest stage of the evolution of a fully assembled planet is profoundly affected by a number of basin-forming impacts large enough to change the dynamics of its deeper interior. These impacts are in some cases quite closely spaced and follow one another in short time intervals, so that their effects interact and result in behavior that may differ from a simple sum of the effects of two individual and isolated impacts. We use two-dimensional models of mantle convection in a Mars-like planet and a simple parameterized representation of the principal effects of impacts to study some of the dynamical effects and interactions of multiple large impacts. In models of only two impacts, we confirm that the dynamical effects of the impacts reinforce each other the closer they are in space and time but that the effects do not always correspond to straightforward superpositions of those of single, isolated impacts. In models with multiple (4-8) impacts with variable sizes, distances, and frequencies, the global response of the mantle is as variable as the impact sequences in the short term, but in the long term the different evolutionary paths converge for several indicator variables such as the mean flow velocity, temperature, or heat flow. Nonetheless, beyond a certain impact frequency and energy, lithospheric instabilities triggered by large impacts occur on a global scale, reinvigorate mantle dynamics for long time spans, and entail a late stage of melt production in addition to the initial melting stage that is not observed in one- or two-impact models. After one or several very large impacts, some lithospheric material may founder and sink to the core-mantle boundary, and if enough of it accumulates there, it enhances the heat flux out of the core for several hundred millions of years, with possible effects on dynamo activity.

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