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arXiv 1406.2697astro-ph.EP
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在Grand Tack方案中月球和类地行星的形成

Lunar and Terrestrial Planet Formation in the Grand Tack Scenario

Seth A. Jacobson, Alessandro Morbidelli

摘要:

我们从大量的N体模拟的巨大的影响阶段的类地行星形成的结论。我们重点讨论了最近提出的大塔克模型的新结果,该模型将气体驱动的巨行星迁移与类地行星的吸积耦合起来。巨型撞击阶段跟随着寡头生长阶段,在胚胎和星子的圆盘内建立了双峰质量分布。通过改变胚胎人口中的总质量的比例,在星子人口的总质量和单个胚胎的质量,我们探索不同的光盘条件如何控制最终的行星。胚胎与微行星的总质量比控制着最后一次巨大撞击(月球形成)的时间及其暴力程度。最初的胚胎质量决定了月球撞击物的大小和火星的生长速度。在将我们的模拟结果与类地行星的实际轨道进行比较后(角动量亏损、质量集中),并考虑到月球形成事件后地球吸积的质量和火星生长的时间尺度上的独立地球化学限制,我们的结论是,在巨大撞击阶段开始时,原行星盘的大部分质量都在火星上-大小的胚胎和只有一小部分的总光盘质量的星子人口。由此,我们推断月球形成事件发生在第一个固体形成后的$\sim$ 60和$\sim$ 130 My之间,并且很可能是由质量与火星相似的物体引起的。

英文摘要:

We present conclusions from a large number of N-body simulations of the giant impact phase of terrestrial planet formation. We focus on new results obtained from the recently proposed Grand Tack model, which couples the gas-driven migration of giant planets to the accretion of the terrestrial planets. The giant impact phase follows the oligarchic growth phase, which builds a bi-modal mass distribution within the disc of embryos and planetesimals. By varying the ratio of the total mass in the embryo population to the total mass in the planetesimal population and the mass of the individual embryos, we explore how different disc conditions control the final planets. The total mass ratio of embryos to planetesimals controls the timing of the last giant (Moon forming) impact and its violence. The initial embryo mass sets the size of the lunar impactor and the growth rate of Mars. After comparing our simulated outcomes with the actual orbits of the terrestrial planets (angular momentum deficit, mass concentration) and taking into account independent geochemical constraints on the mass accreted by the Earth after the Moon forming event and on the timescale for the growth of Mars, we conclude that the protoplanetary disc at the beginning of the giant impact phase must have had most of its mass in Mars-sized embryos and only a small fraction of the total disc mass in the planetesimal population. From this, we infer that the Moon forming event occurred between $\sim$60 and $\sim$130 My after the formation of the first solids, and was caused most likely by an object with a mass similar to that of Mars.

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