尘埃是星系星际介质的重要组成部分。尘埃的存在强烈影响了星系内恒星产生的光。由于这些光子是我们探索恒星质量组合的主要信息载体,因此了解星系的演化,模拟星系的发光特性并考虑尘埃的影响是半解析模型的一个基本挑战。该模型基于源自气体结构的物理激励湍流模型(G.A.S. I paper).粉尘影响的处理考虑到三个粉尘成分:多环芳烃,非常小的颗粒,大颗粒。所有这三种成分都以扩散和碎片/致密气相的形式出现。每个阶段都有自己的恒星,尘埃含量和几何形状。尘埃含量的变化与其伴生相的金属丰度有关。模型用于预测从$z=9.0$到$z=0.1$的UV和IR光度函数。我们的两相ISM处方很好地捕捉了UV和IR光度函数的演变。我们注意到在低红移($z<0.5$)的红外光度的一个小的过度生产。我们还重点讨论了剩余辐射(IRX),并探讨了它与恒星质量,UV斜率,恒星年龄,金属丰度和衰减曲线的斜率的依赖关系。我们的模型预测大的散射关系的基础上IRX,特别是IRX- $β$关系。我们的分析表明,衰减曲线的斜率是更多地由绝对衰减在FUV波段比磁盘倾斜驱动。我们证实,恒星星族年龄和衰减曲线的斜率都可以移动星系低于基准恒星出生关系的IRX- $β$图。
英文摘要:
Dust is a crucial component of the interstellar medium of galaxies. The presence of dust strongly affects the light produced by stars within a galaxy. As these photons are our main information vector to explore the stellar mass assembly and therefore understand a galaxy's evolution, modeling the luminous properties of galaxies and taking into account the impact of the dust is a fundamental challenge for semi-analytical models.We present the complete prescription of dust attenuation implemented in the new semi-analytical model: G.A.S. This model is based on a two-phase medium originating from a physically motivated turbulent model of gas structuring (G.A.S. I paper). Dust impact is treated by taking into account three dust components: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Very Small Grains, and Big Grains. All three components evolve in both a diffuse and a fragmented/dense gas phase. Each phase has its own stars, dust content and geometry. Dust content evolves according to the metallicity of it associated phase.The G.A.S. model is used to predict both the UV and the IR luminosity functions from $z=9.0$ to $z=0.1$. Our two-phase ISM prescription catches very well the evolution of UV and IR luminosity functions. We note a small overproduction of the IR luminosity at low redshift ($z<0.5$). We also focus on the Infrared-Excess (IRX) and explore its dependency with the stellar mass, UV slope, stellar age, metallicity and slope of the attenuation curves. Our model predicts large scatters for relations based on IRX, especially for the IRX-$β$ relation. Our analysis reveals that the slope of the attenuation curve is more driven by absolute attenuation in the FUV band than by disk inclination. We confirm that the age of the stellar population and the slope of the attenuation curve can both shift galaxies below the fiducial star-birth relation in the IRX-$β$ diagram.
An Anomalous Extinction Law in the Cep OB3b Young Cluster: Evidence for dust processing during gas dispersal
我们确定通过Cep OB 3b,一个年轻的星团的3000颗恒星进行气体扩散的消光定律。对76个用MMT/Hectospec光谱鉴定的背景K巨星进行了消光测量。使用文献中的$V$和$R$光度测定法,SDSS中的$g$、$r$、$i$和$z$光度测定法,以及2 MASS中的$J$、$H$和$K_{s}$光度测定法,测定每个巨星系的颜色过量比率。这些颜色过量比率被用来构建通过与Cep OB 3b相关的尘埃物质的消光定律。通过Cep OB 3b的消光定律介于$R_{V} = 3.1$定律和$R_{V} = 5$定律之间,这两种定律分别常用于弥漫原子ISM和致密分子云。消光定律对视线$A_{V}$的依赖性进行了研究,我们发现消光定律在具有$A_{V} > 2.5$星等的区域变得更浅。我们推测,中间尘埃法律的结果从尘埃处理过程中的分子云的集群。
Large Variations Seen in First Ultraviolet Spectroscopic M33 Dust Extinction Curves
Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent(根特大学天文台);Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences(保加利亚科学院天体物理研究所);University of Sofia, Faculty of Physics(索非亚大学物理学院);Space Science Institute(空间科学研究所);Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University(路易斯安那州立大学物理与天文学系);Maria Mitchell Association(玛丽亚·米切尔协会);European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲航天局);Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学物理与天文学系)
Interstellar Silicon Depletion and the Ultraviolet Extinction
Spinning small silicate grains were recently invoked to account for the Galactic foreground anomalous microwave emission. These grains, if present, will absorb starlight in the far ultraviolet (UV). There is also renewed interest in attributing the enigmatic 2175 Angstrom interstellar extinction bump to small silicates. To probe the role of silicon in the UV extinction, we explore the relations between the amount of silicon required to be locked up in silicates [Si/H]_{dust} and the 2175 Angstrom bump or the far-UV extinction rise, based on an analysis of the extinction curves along 46 Galacti…
Connecting the dusty dots: dust depletion and extinction of local interstellar clouds
University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand(威特沃特斯兰德大学物理学院天体物理中心);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574(里昂第一大学克洛德·贝尔纳大学,里昂天体物理研究中心UMR5574);French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy (FCLA), CNRS-IRL3386, U. de Chile(法智利天体物理实验室(FCLA),CNRS-IRL3386,智利大学);AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute(ESA支持的AURA,太空望远镜科学研究所)
JWST Spectroscopic View of a Rapidly Growing Dust-obscured Quasar at $z \sim 4$: Effect of Dust Extinction Correction on Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Estimation
Dust enrichment from core-collapse supernovae and extinction curves in the high-redshift universe
The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma(罗马大学物理系);INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);INFN, Sezione Roma I(意大利国家核物理研究所罗马第一分所);Sapienza School for Advanced Studies(萨皮恩扎高等研究学院);INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔天文台);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所);Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)(宇宙物理与数学科学卡弗里研究所)
Expanded Sample of Small Magellanic Cloud Ultraviolet Dust Extinction Curves: Correlations between the 2175 A bump, q_pah, UV extinction shape, and N(HI)/A(V)
The extinction and dust-to-gas structure of the planetary nebula NGC 7009 observed with MUSE
MUSE的大视场和波长范围非常适合绘制银河系行星状星云(PN)。明亮的PN NGC 7009是在仪器的科学验证期间在VLT上用MUSE观察到的,视宁度为0.6”。通过对MUSE立方体的分析,形成了氢巴耳末和帕邢线的发射线图。从MUSE立方体测得的电子温度和密度被用来预测理论上的氢线比率,并绘制整个星云的消光分布。在对NGC 7009的星际消光进行校正后,首次在PN中绘制了内部尘埃气体比(A_V/N_H)。NGC 7009的消光图具有相当大的结构,大致对应于星云的形态特征。灭绝图中的一个大尺度特征,由波峰和波谷组成,出现在内壳的边缘。这一特点的性质进行了调查和仪器和物理原因考虑;没有令人信服的机制被确定产生此功能,除了质量损失的变化,在早期的渐近巨分支阶段。尘埃与气体的比值A_V/N_H从电离星云中心到边缘从0.7倍星际值增加到>5倍。积分A_V/N_H约为ISM平均值的2倍。结果表明,MUSE消光成像为研究PN内部尘埃的分布和尘气比提供了一个强有力的工具。(节录)
Estimation of Dust Mass from Infrared Emission and Extinction of Supernova Remnants: G93.7-0.2, G109.1-1.0, G156.2+5.7, and G166.0+4.3
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理与天文学院);Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所);Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University(广州大学天体物理中心);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);Institute of Astronomy and Physics, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学天文物理研究所);Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello(安第斯贝尔托大学精确科学学院物理与天文学系)
Swift Ultraviolet Survey of the Magellanic Clouds (SUMaC). I. Shape of the Ultraviolet Dust Extinction Law and Recent Star Formation History of the Small Magellanic Cloud
DustRover: A Python Package for Modelling Dust Extinction Curves (Phase I)
Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University(天体物理学与空间技术中心,麦考瑞大学);School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University(数学与物理科学学院,麦考瑞大学)
Dust emission and extinction in the Orion OMC-3 cloud
University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP(图卢兹大学,UPS-OMP,IRAP);Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale(巴黎萨克雷大学,法国国家科学研究中心,空间天体物理研究所)