The gas-to-dust ratio of reddened stars in the Milky Way (MW), the Magellanic Clouds, and in general is usually expressed as a linear relation between the hydrogen column density, N(H), and the reddening, E(B-V), or extinction in the V band (A(V)). If the extinction curve was truly universal, the strength of the relationship and the linearity would naturally be maintained for extinction at any wavelength, and also for N(H) vs. E(B-V). However, extinction curves vary within the Milky Way, and there is no reason why, except by chance, either E(B-V) or A(V) would be the most physical measure of dust column density. In this paper, we utilize for the first time full extinction curves to 41 MW sightlines and find that the scatter between N(H) and extinction is minimized -- and the relation becomes linear -- for extinction at 2900 +/- 160 A. Scatter and nonlinearity increase at longer wavelengths and are especially large for near-IR extinction. We conclude that near-UV extinction is a superior measure of the dust column density for MW dust. We provide new, non-linear gas-to-dust relations for various dust tracers. We also find that the very large discrepancy between MW and SMC gas-to-dust ratios of 0.9 dex in N(H)/E(B-V) is reduced to 0.7 dex for far-UV extinction, which matches the difference in cosmic abundances of carbon between the two galaxies, and therefore confirms that N(C) is the preferred measure of the gas in the gas-to-dust ratio, even though it may not be a convenient one.
An Anomalous Extinction Law in the Cep OB3b Young Cluster: Evidence for dust processing during gas dispersal
我们确定通过Cep OB 3b，一个年轻的星团的3000颗恒星进行气体扩散的消光定律。对76个用MMT/Hectospec光谱鉴定的背景K巨星进行了消光测量。使用文献中的$V$和$R$光度测定法，SDSS中的$g$、$r$、$i$和$z$光度测定法，以及2 MASS中的$J$、$H$和$K_{s}$光度测定法，测定每个巨星系的颜色过量比率。这些颜色过量比率被用来构建通过与Cep OB 3b相关的尘埃物质的消光定律。通过Cep OB 3b的消光定律介于$R_{V} = 3.1$定律和$R_{V} = 5$定律之间，这两种定律分别常用于弥漫原子ISM和致密分子云。消光定律对视线$A_{V}$的依赖性进行了研究，我们发现消光定律在具有$A_{V} > 2.5$星等的区域变得更浅。我们推测，中间尘埃法律的结果从尘埃处理过程中的分子云的集群。
Large Variations Seen in First Ultraviolet Spectroscopic M33 Dust Extinction Curves
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent（根特大学天文台）；Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences（保加利亚科学院天体物理研究所）；University of Sofia, Faculty of Physics（索非亚大学物理学院）；Space Science Institute（空间科学研究所）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学物理与天文学系）；Maria Mitchell Association（玛丽亚·米切尔协会）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲航天局）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学物理与天文学系）
Interstellar Silicon Depletion and the Ultraviolet Extinction
Spinning small silicate grains were recently invoked to account for the Galactic foreground anomalous microwave emission. These grains, if present, will absorb starlight in the far ultraviolet (UV). There is also renewed interest in attributing the enigmatic 2175 Angstrom interstellar extinction bump to small silicates. To probe the role of silicon in the UV extinction, we explore the relations between the amount of silicon required to be locked up in silicates [Si/H]_{dust} and the 2175 Angstrom bump or the far-UV extinction rise, based on an analysis of the extinction curves along 46 Galacti…
Connecting the dusty dots: dust depletion and extinction of local interstellar clouds
University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand（威特沃特斯兰德大学物理学院天体物理中心）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574（里昂第一大学克洛德·贝尔纳大学，里昂天体物理研究中心UMR5574）；French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy (FCLA), CNRS-IRL3386, U. de Chile（法智利天体物理实验室(FCLA)，CNRS-IRL3386，智利大学）；AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute（ESA支持的AURA，太空望远镜科学研究所）
JWST Spectroscopic View of a Rapidly Growing Dust-obscured Quasar at $z \sim 4$: Effect of Dust Extinction Correction on Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Estimation
Dust enrichment from core-collapse supernovae and extinction curves in the high-redshift universe
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma（罗马大学物理系）；INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；INFN, Sezione Roma I（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马第一分所）；Sapienza School for Advanced Studies（萨皮恩扎高等研究学院）；INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔天文台）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI)（宇宙物理与数学科学卡弗里研究所）
Expanded Sample of Small Magellanic Cloud Ultraviolet Dust Extinction Curves: Correlations between the 2175 A bump, q_pah, UV extinction shape, and N(HI)/A(V)
The extinction and dust-to-gas structure of the planetary nebula NGC 7009 observed with MUSE
MUSE的大视场和波长范围非常适合绘制银河系行星状星云（PN）。明亮的PN NGC 7009是在仪器的科学验证期间在VLT上用MUSE观察到的，视宁度为0.6”。通过对MUSE立方体的分析，形成了氢巴耳末和帕邢线的发射线图。从MUSE立方体测得的电子温度和密度被用来预测理论上的氢线比率，并绘制整个星云的消光分布。在对NGC 7009的星际消光进行校正后，首次在PN中绘制了内部尘埃气体比（A_V/N_H）。NGC 7009的消光图具有相当大的结构，大致对应于星云的形态特征。灭绝图中的一个大尺度特征，由波峰和波谷组成，出现在内壳的边缘。这一特点的性质进行了调查和仪器和物理原因考虑;没有令人信服的机制被确定产生此功能，除了质量损失的变化，在早期的渐近巨分支阶段。尘埃与气体的比值A_V/N_H从电离星云中心到边缘从0.7倍星际值增加到>5倍。积分A_V/N_H约为ISM平均值的2倍。结果表明，MUSE消光成像为研究PN内部尘埃的分布和尘气比提供了一个强有力的工具。（节录）
Estimation of Dust Mass from Infrared Emission and Extinction of Supernova Remnants: G93.7-0.2, G109.1-1.0, G156.2+5.7, and G166.0+4.3
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所）；Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University（广州大学天体物理中心）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Institute of Astronomy and Physics, Inner Mongolia University（内蒙古大学天文物理研究所）；Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello（安第斯贝尔托大学精确科学学院物理与天文学系）
Swift Ultraviolet Survey of the Magellanic Clouds (SUMaC). I. Shape of the Ultraviolet Dust Extinction Law and Recent Star Formation History of the Small Magellanic Cloud
DustRover: A Python Package for Modelling Dust Extinction Curves (Phase I)
Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University（天体物理学与空间技术中心，麦考瑞大学）；School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University（数学与物理科学学院，麦考瑞大学）
Dust emission and extinction in the Orion OMC-3 cloud
University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP（图卢兹大学，UPS-OMP，IRAP）；Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale（巴黎萨克雷大学，法国国家科学研究中心，空间天体物理研究所）
A first taste of MEAD (Measuring Extinction and Abundances of Dust) -- I. Diffuse Milky Way interstellar dust extinction features in JWST infrared spectra
