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arXiv 1812.02420math.CO
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关于有向图着色与顶点树荫度的复杂性

On the Complexity of Digraph Colourings and Vertex Arboricity

Winfried Hochstättler, Felix Schröder, Raphael Steiner

AI总结:

本文研究有向图与图的分数量着色相关决策问题的复杂性,证明星色数、分数量色数及循环顶点树荫度的判定问题在特定条件下均为NP完全,并引入循环同态概念以证明关键结果。

摘要:

Bokal等人已经证明,判定有向图的2-可着色性是一个NP完全问题。这一结果后来被Feder等人扩展,证明了对于所有有理数$p>1$,判定一个有向图是否具有循环$p$-着色是NP完全的。在本文中,我们考虑了与有向图和图的分数量着色相关概念对应的决策问题的复杂性,包括星色数(star dichromatic number)、分数量色数(fractional dichromatic number)和循环顶点树荫度(circular vertex arboricity)。我们证明了以下结果:\n 判定一个有向图的星色数是否至多为$p$,对于每个有理数$p>1$都是NP完全的。\n 判定一个有向图的分数量色数是否至多为$p$,对于每个$p>1, p \ eq 2$都是NP完全的。\n 判定一个图的循环顶点树荫度是否至多为$p$,对于每个有理数$p>1$都是NP完全的。\n 为了证明这些结果,每种情况都需要不同的技术。为了证明第一个结果,我们将星色数与有向图之间的同态的新概念——循环同态(circular homomorphisms)联系起来,这可能具有独立的意义。我们提供了相应的同态着色问题的计算复杂性的分类,类似于Feder等人对有向无环同态推导的分类。

英文摘要:

It has been shown by Bokal et al. that deciding 2-colourability of digraphs is an NP-complete problem. This result was later on extended by Feder et al. to prove that deciding whether a digraph has a circular $p$-colouring is NP-complete for all rational $p>1$. In this paper, we consider the complexity of corresponding decision problems for related notions of fractional colourings for digraphs and graphs, including the star dichromatic number, the fractional dichromatic number and the circular vertex arboricity. We prove the following results: Deciding if the star dichromatic number of a digraph is at most $p$ is NP-complete for every rational $p>1$. Deciding if the fractional dichromatic number of a digraph is at most $p$ is NP-complete for every $p>1, p \neq 2$. Deciding if the circular vertex arboricity of a graph is at most $p$ is NP-complete for every rational $p>1$. To show these results, different techniques are required in each case. In order to prove the first result, we relate the star dichromatic number to a new notion of homomorphisms between digraphs, called circular homomorphisms, which might be of independent interest. We provide a classification of the computational complexities of the corresponding homomorphism colouring problems similar to the one derived by Feder et al. for acyclic homomorphisms.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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