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arXiv 1811.07623q-bio.PE
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中性力量和生态位力量如何促进物种形成过程?

How neutral and niche forces contribute to speciation processes?

Niccolo Anceschi, Jorge Hidalgo, Tommaso Bellini, Amos Maritan, Samir Suweis

摘要:

物种起源背后的进化和生态过程是生物学中最基本的问题之一。事实上,关于不同类型的物种形成,已经提出了许多理论假说。特别是,导致新种〈动〉形成而没有地理隔离〈动〉的同域物种形成模型是基于生态位假设:种群的多样化是由对有限的可用资源的竞争引起的。另一方面,中性进化模型表明,随机力足以产生不同物种的共存。在这项工作中,我们把这种二分法的背景下,物种的形成,我们研究如何中性和生态位的力量有助于同域物种形成的模式生态系统。特别是,我们研究了一个群体的进化与无性生殖的遗传特征或表型指定的生态位为基础的和中性性状的个人。我们分析了动态的稳态,并研究了个体在整个可能表型空间中的分布。我们通过数值模拟和分析表明,在种群进化中由随机效应引起的中性力和小生境力之间存在非平凡的耦合,这使得集群的形成(即,物种)在表型空间。我们的框架也可以推广到有性生殖或其他类型的种群动力学。

英文摘要:

The evolutionary and ecological processes behind the origin of species are among the most fundamental problems in biology. In fact, many theoretical hypothesis on different type of speciation have been proposed. In particular, models of sympatric speciation leading to the formation of new species without geographical isolation, are based on the niche hypothesis: the diversification of the population is induced by the competition for a limited set of the available resources. On the other hand, neutral models of evolution have shown that stochastic forces are sufficient to generate coexistence of different species. In this work, we bring this dichotomy to the context of species formation, and we study how neutral and niche forces contribute to sympatric speciation in a model ecosystem. In particular, we study the evolution of a population of individuals with asexual reproduction whose inherited characters or phenotypes are specified by both niche-based and neutral traits. We analyse the stationary state of the dynamics, and study the distribution of individuals in the whole space of possible phenotypes. We show, both by numerical simulations and analytics, that there is a non-trivial coupling between neutral and niche forces induced by stochastic effects in the evolution of the population that allows the formation of clusters (i.e., species) in the phenotypic space. Our framework can be generalised also to sexual reproduction or other type of population dynamics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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