This project performed image completion on CIFAR-10, a dataset of 60,000 32x32 RGB images, using three different neural network architectures: fully convolutional networks, convolutional networks with fully connected layers, and encoder-decoder convolutional networks. The highest performing model was a deep fully convolutional network, which was able to achieve a mean squared error of .015 when comparing the original image pixel values with the predicted pixel values. As well, this network was able to output in-painted images which appeared real to the human eye.
Tag-based image retrieval (TBIR) has drawn much attention in recent years due to the explosive amount of digital images and crowdsourcing tags. However, the TBIR applications still suffer from the deficient and inaccurate tags provided by users. Inspired by the subspace clustering methods, we formulate the tag completion problem in a subspace clustering model which assumes that images are sampled from subspaces, and complete the tags using the state-of-the-art Low Rank Representation (LRR) method. And we propose a matrix completion algorithm to further refine the tags. Our empirical results on…
Image completion is widely used in photo restoration and editing applications, e.g. for object removal. Recently, there has been a surge of research on generating diverse completions for missing regions. However, existing methods require large training sets from a specific domain of interest, and often fail on general-content images. In this paper, we propose a diverse completion method that does not require a training set and can thus treat arbitrary images from any domain. Our internal diverse completion (IDC) approach draws inspiration from recent single-image generative models that are tra…
Image Completion refers to the task of filling in the missing regions of an image and Image Extrapolation refers to the task of extending an image at its boundaries while keeping it coherent. Many recent works based on GAN have shown progress in addressing these problem statements but lack adaptability for these two cases, i.e. the neural network trained for the completion of interior masked images does not generalize well for extrapolating over the boundaries and vice-versa. In this paper, we present a technique to train both completion and extrapolation networks concurrently while benefiting…
Image completion is the problem of generating whole images from fragments only. It encompasses inpainting (generating a patch given its surrounding), reverse inpainting/extrapolation (generating the periphery given the central patch) as well as colorization (generating one or several channels given other ones). In this paper, we employ a deep network to perform image completion, with adversarial training as well as perceptual and completion losses, and call it the ``missing data encoder'' (MDE). We consider several configurations based on how the seed fragments are chosen. We show that trainin…
Image classification requires the generation of features capable of detecting image patterns informative of group identity. The objective of this study was to classify images from the public CIFAR-10 image dataset by leveraging combinations of disparate image feature sources from both manual and deep learning approaches. Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and pixel intensities successfully inform classification (53% and 59% classification accuracy, respectively), yet there is much room for improvement. VGG16 with ImageNet trained weights and a CIFAR-10 optimized model (CIFAR-VGG) further im…
Most image completion methods produce only one result for each masked input, although there may be many reasonable possibilities. In this paper, we present an approach for \textbf{pluralistic image completion} -- the task of generating multiple and diverse plausible solutions for image completion. A major challenge faced by learning-based approaches is that usually only one ground truth training instance per label. As such, sampling from conditional VAEs still leads to minimal diversity. To overcome this, we propose a novel and probabilistically principled framework with two parallel paths. On…
The CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets are two of the most heavily benchmarked datasets in computer vision and are often used to evaluate novel methods and model architectures in the field of deep learning. However, we find that 3.3% and 10% of the images from the test sets of these datasets have duplicates in the training set. These duplicates are easily recognizable by memorization and may, hence, bias the comparison of image recognition techniques regarding their generalization capability. To eliminate this bias, we provide the "fair CIFAR" (ciFAIR) dataset, where we replaced all duplicates in…
In this brief technical report we introduce the CINIC-10 dataset as a plug-in extended alternative for CIFAR-10. It was compiled by combining CIFAR-10 with images selected and downsampled from the ImageNet database. We present the approach to compiling the dataset, illustrate the example images for different classes, give pixel distributions for each part of the repository, and give some standard benchmarks for well known models. Details for download, usage, and compilation can be found in the associated github repository.
The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology（岘港大学－科技大学）
Visual object recognition plays an essential role in human daily life. This ability is so efficient that we can recognize a face or an object seemingly without effort, though they may vary in position, scale, pose, and illumination. In the field of computer vision, a large number of studies have been carried out to build a human-like object recognition system. Recently, deep neural networks have shown impressive progress in object classification performance, and have been reported to surpass humans. Yet there is still lack of thorough and fair comparison between humans and artificial recogniti…
University of California, Irvine（加州大学欧文分校）；Trifo, Inc.（追觅科技（美国）有限公司）
In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning network named 3dDepthNet, which produces an accurate dense depth image from a single pair of sparse LiDAR depth and color image for robotics and autonomous driving tasks. Based on the dimensional nature of depth images, our network offers a novel 3D-to-2D coarse-to-fine dual densification design that is both accurate and lightweight. Depth densification is first performed in 3D space via point cloud completion, followed by a specially designed encoder-decoder structure that utilizes the projected dense depth from 3D completion and the origi…
Deep neural networks have made remarkable progresses on various computer vision tasks. Recent works have shown that depth, width and shortcut connections of networks are all vital to their performances. In this paper, we introduce a method to sparsify DenseNet which can reduce connections of a L-layer DenseNet from O(L^2) to O(L), and thus we can simultaneously increase depth, width and connections of neural networks in a more parameter-efficient and computation-efficient way. Moreover, an attention module is introduced to further boost our network's performance. We denote our network as Spars…
We propose a novel approach for 3D shape completion by synthesizing multi-view depth maps. While previous work for shape completion relies on volumetric representations, meshes, or point clouds, we propose to use multi-view depth maps from a set of fixed viewing angles as our shape representation. This allows us to be free of the limitations of memory for volumetric representations and point clouds by casting shape completion into an image-to-image translation problem. Specifically, we render depth maps of the incomplete shape from a fixed set of viewpoints, and perform depth map completion in…
With the rise of data driven deep neural networks as a realization of universal function approximators, most research on computer vision problems has moved away from hand crafted classical image processing algorithms. This paper shows that with a well designed algorithm, we are capable of outperforming neural network based methods on the task of depth completion. The proposed algorithm is simple and fast, runs on the CPU, and relies only on basic image processing operations to perform depth completion of sparse LIDAR depth data. We evaluate our algorithm on the challenging KITTI depth completi…
The original ImageNet dataset is a popular large-scale benchmark for training Deep Neural Networks. Since the cost of performing experiments (e.g, algorithm design, architecture search, and hyperparameter tuning) on the original dataset might be prohibitive, we propose to consider a downsampled version of ImageNet. In contrast to the CIFAR datasets and earlier downsampled versions of ImageNet, our proposed ImageNet32$\times$32 (and its variants ImageNet64$\times$64 and ImageNet16$\times$16) contains exactly the same number of classes and images as ImageNet, with the only difference that the im…
This article demonstrates a new conceptor network based classifier in classifying images. Mathematical descriptions and analysis are presented. Various tests are experimented using three benchmark datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. The experiments displayed that conceptor network can offer superior results and flexible configurations than conventional classifiers such as Softmax Regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM).
University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；University of North Texas（北得克萨斯大学）；Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院软件研究所）
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Data61, CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织 Data61）
We aim at predicting a complete and high-resolution depth map from incomplete, sparse and noisy depth measurements. Existing methods handle this problem either by exploiting various regularizations on the depth maps directly or resorting to learning based methods. When the corresponding color images are available, the correlation between the depth maps and the color images are used to improve the completion performance, assuming the color images are clean and sharp. However, in real world dynamic scenes, color images are often blurry due to the camera motion and the moving objects in the scene…
This paper focuses on semantic scene completion, a task for producing a complete 3D voxel representation of volumetric occupancy and semantic labels for a scene from a single-view depth map observation. Previous work has considered scene completion and semantic labeling of depth maps separately. However, we observe that these two problems are tightly intertwined. To leverage the coupled nature of these two tasks, we introduce the semantic scene completion network (SSCNet), an end-to-end 3D convolutional network that takes a single depth image as input and simultaneously outputs occupancy and s…
Existing low-rank tensor completion (LRTC) approaches aim at restoring a partially observed tensor by imposing a global low-rank constraint on the underlying completed tensor. However, such a global rank assumption suffers the trade-off between restoring the originally details-lacking parts and neglecting the potentially complex objects, making the completion performance unsatisfactory on both sides. To address this problem, we propose a novel and practical strategy for image restoration that restores the partially observed tensor in a coarse-to-fine (C2F) manner, which gets rid of such trade-…
Image completion has achieved significant progress due to advances in generative adversarial networks (GANs). Albeit natural-looking, the synthesized contents still lack details, especially for scenes with complex structures or images with large holes. This is because there exists a gap between low-level reconstruction loss and high-level adversarial loss. To address this issue, we introduce a perceptual network to provide mid-level guidance, which measures the semantical similarity between the synthesized and original contents in a similarity-enhanced space. We conduct a detailed analysis on …
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
The feature learning methods based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have successfully produced tremendous achievements in image classification tasks. However, the inherent noise and some other factors may weaken the effectiveness of the convolutional feature statistics. In this paper, we investigate Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the frequency domain and design a new Wavelet-Attention (WA) block to only implement attention in the high-frequency domain. Based on this, we propose a Wavelet-Attention convolutional neural network (WA-CNN) for image classification. Specifically, WA-CNN de…
Bridging global context interactions correctly is important for high-fidelity image completion with large masks. Previous methods attempting this via deep or large receptive field (RF) convolutions cannot escape from the dominance of nearby interactions, which may be inferior. In this paper, we propose to treat image completion as a directionless sequence-to-sequence prediction task, and deploy a transformer to directly capture long-range dependence in the encoder. Crucially, we employ a restrictive CNN with small and non-overlapping RF for weighted token representation, which allows the trans…
Bioinspired CNNs for border completion in occluded images
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学药学与生物技术系）；Department of Mathematics, University of Ferrara（费拉拉大学数学系）；Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, VIB - KU Leuven（卢森堡大学数值分析与应用数学系）
RWTH Aachen University（亚琛工业大学）；University of Bonn（波恩大学）
We address the task of 3D semantic scene completion, i.e. , given a single depth image, we predict the semantic labels and occupancy of voxels in a 3D grid representing the scene. In light of the recently introduced generative adversarial networks (GAN), our goal is to explore the potential of this model and the efficiency of various important design choices. Our results show that using conditional GANs outperforms the vanilla GAN setup. We evaluate these architecture designs on several datasets. Based on our experiments, we demonstrate that GANs are able to outperform the performance of a bas…
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Soochow University（苏州大学）；National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家授时中心）；Lehigh University（理海大学）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；Shandong University of Finance and Economics（山东财经大学）；The University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）
The problem of tag completion is to learn the missing tags of an image. In this paper, we propose to learn a tag scoring vector for each image by local linear learning. A local linear function is used in the neighborhood of each image to predict the tag scoring vectors of its neighboring images. We construct a unified objective function for the learning of both tag scoring vectors and local linear function parame- ters. In the objective, we impose the learned tag scoring vectors to be consistent with the known associations to the tags of each image, and also minimize the prediction error of ea…
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；University of Texas at San Antonio（得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）
Image retagging aims to improve tag quality of social images by refining their original tags or assigning new high-quality tags. Recent approaches simultaneously explore visual, user and tag information to improve the performance of image retagging by constructing and exploring an image-tag-user graph. However, such methods will become computationally infeasible with the rapidly increasing number of images, tags and users. It has been proven that Anchor Graph Regularization (AGR) can significantly accelerate large-scale graph learning model by exploring only a small number of anchor points. In…
Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IIAI)（起源人工智能研究院）
Residual networks (ResNets) represent a powerful type of convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, widely adopted and used in various tasks. In this work we propose an improved version of ResNets. Our proposed improvements address all three main components of a ResNet: the flow of information through the network layers, the residual building block, and the projection shortcut. We are able to show consistent improvements in accuracy and learning convergence over the baseline. For instance, on ImageNet dataset, using the ResNet with 50 layers, for top-1 accuracy we can report a 1.19% impr…
University of Brasilia（巴西利亚大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）
Semantic scene completion is the task of predicting a complete 3D representation of volumetric occupancy with corresponding semantic labels for a scene from a single point of view. Previous works on Semantic Scene Completion from RGB-D data used either only depth or depth with colour by projecting the 2D image into the 3D volume resulting in a sparse data representation. In this work, we present a new strategy to encode colour information in 3D space using edge detection and flipped truncated signed distance. We also present EdgeNet, a new end-to-end neural network architecture capable of hand…
College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University（浙江大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学工程与信息技术学院）
In this paper, we present an approach, namely Lexical Semantic Image Completion (LSIC), that may have potential applications in art, design, and heritage conservation, among several others. Existing image completion procedure is highly subjective by considering only visual context, which may trigger unpredictable results which are plausible but not faithful to a grounded knowledge. To permit both grounded and controllable completion process, we advocate generating results faithful to both visual and lexical semantic context, i.e., the description of leaving holes or blank regions in the image …
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
Depth completion deals with the problem of recovering dense depth maps from sparse ones, where color images are often used to facilitate this task. Recent approaches mainly focus on image guided learning frameworks to predict dense depth. However, blurry guidance in the image and unclear structure in the depth still impede the performance of the image guided frameworks. To tackle these problems, we explore a repetitive design in our image guided network to gradually and sufficiently recover depth values. Specifically, the repetition is embodied in both the image guidance branch and depth gener…
We propose the onion-peel networks for video completion. Given a set of reference images and a target image with holes, our network fills the hole by referring the contents in the reference images. Our onion-peel network progressively fills the hole from the hole boundary enabling it to exploit richer contextual information for the missing regions every step. Given a sufficient number of recurrences, even a large hole can be inpainted successfully. To attend to the missing information visible in the reference images, we propose an asymmetric attention block that computes similarities between t…
PICNet pioneered the generation of multiple and diverse results for image completion task, but it required a careful balance between $\mathcal{KL}$ loss (diversity) and reconstruction loss (quality), resulting in a limited diversity and quality . Separately, iGPT-based architecture has been employed to infer distributions in a discrete space derived from a pixel-level pre-clustered palette, which however cannot generate high-quality results directly. In this work, we present a novel framework for pluralistic image completion that can achieve both high quality and diversity at much faster infer…
Texas A&M University（德克萨斯A&M大学）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Adobe Research（Adobe研究院）
Generating font glyphs of consistent style from one or a few reference glyphs, i.e., font completion, is an important task in topographical design. As the problem is more well-defined than general image style transfer tasks, thus it has received interest from both vision and machine learning communities. Existing approaches address this problem as a direct image-to-image translation task. In this work, we innovate to explore the generation of font glyphs as 2D graphic objects with the graph as an intermediate representation, so that more intrinsic graphic properties of font styles can be captu…
We address the problem of generating a 360-degree image from a single image with a narrow field of view by estimating its surroundings. Previous methods suffered from overfitting to the training resolution and deterministic generation. This paper proposes a completion method using a transformer for scene modeling and novel methods to improve the properties of a 360-degree image on the output image. Specifically, we use CompletionNets with a transformer to perform diverse completions and AdjustmentNet to match color, stitching, and resolution with an input image, enabling inference at any resol…
The goal of our work is to complete the depth channel of an RGB-D image. Commodity-grade depth cameras often fail to sense depth for shiny, bright, transparent, and distant surfaces. To address this problem, we train a deep network that takes an RGB image as input and predicts dense surface normals and occlusion boundaries. Those predictions are then combined with raw depth observations provided by the RGB-D camera to solve for depths for all pixels, including those missing in the original observation. This method was chosen over others (e.g., inpainting depths directly) as the result of exten…
College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University（浙江大学信息与电子工程学院）；Hisilicon, Huawei（华为海思）
Image guided depth completion is the task of generating a dense depth map from a sparse depth map and a high quality image. In this task, how to fuse the color and depth modalities plays an important role in achieving good performance. This paper proposes a two-branch backbone that consists of a color-dominant branch and a depth-dominant branch to exploit and fuse two modalities thoroughly. More specifically, one branch inputs a color image and a sparse depth map to predict a dense depth map. The other branch takes as inputs the sparse depth map and the previously predicted depth map, and outp…
In this paper we propose a convolutional neural network that is designed to upsample a series of sparse range measurements based on the contextual cues gleaned from a high resolution intensity image. Our approach draws inspiration from related work on super-resolution and in-painting. We propose a novel architecture that seeks to pull contextual cues separately from the intensity image and the depth features and then fuse them later in the network. We argue that this approach effectively exploits the relationship between the two modalities and produces accurate results while respecting salient…
Picsart AI Research (PAIR)（Picsart人工智能研究院）；Peking University（北京大学）
Image completion with large-scale free-form missing regions is one of the most challenging tasks for the computer vision community. While researchers pursue better solutions, drawbacks such as pattern unawareness, blurry textures, and structure distortion remain noticeable, and thus leave space for improvement. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new StyleGAN-based image completion network, Spectral Hint GAN (SH-GAN), inside which a carefully designed spectral processing module, Spectral Hint Unit, is introduced. We also propose two novel 2D spectral processing strategies, Heterogeneous…
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics（南京航空航天大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；Lingnan University（岭南大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）
How will you repair a physical object with some missings? You may imagine its original shape from previously captured images, recover its overall (global) but coarse shape first, and then refine its local details. We are motivated to imitate the physical repair procedure to address point cloud completion. To this end, we propose a cross-modal shape-transfer dual-refinement network (termed CSDN), a coarse-to-fine paradigm with images of full-cycle participation, for quality point cloud completion. CSDN mainly consists of "shape fusion" and "dual-refinement" modules to tackle the cross-modal cha…
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；Megvii Technology（旷视科技）
Deep image completion usually fails to harmonically blend the restored image into existing content, especially in the boundary area. This paper handles with this problem from a new perspective of creating a smooth transition and proposes a concise Deep Fusion Network (DFNet). Firstly, a fusion block is introduced to generate a flexible alpha composition map for combining known and unknown regions. The fusion block not only provides a smooth fusion between restored and existing content, but also provides an attention map to make network focus more on the unknown pixels. In this way, it builds a…
360ORB-SLAM: A Visual SLAM System for Panoramic Images with Depth Completion Network
Hangzhou Normal University（杭州师范大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）；Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing（泉州装备制造研究所）；Hangzhou Dianzi University（杭州电子科技大学）；Tianjin University of Technology（天津理工大学）
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；TU Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学）；Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究学院）
We introduce a new, integrated approach to uncalibrated photometric stereo. We perform 3D reconstruction of Lambertian objects using multiple images produced by unknown, directional light sources. We show how to formulate a single optimization that includes rank and integrability constraints, allowing also for missing data. We then solve this optimization using the Alternate Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). We conduct extensive experimental evaluation on real and synthetic data sets. Our integrated approach is particularly valuable when performing photometric stereo using as few as 4-6 …
Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong (ShenZhen)（香港中文大学（深圳））；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）
We present a deep reinforcement learning method of progressive view inpainting for colored semantic point cloud scene completion under volume guidance, achieving high-quality scene reconstruction from only a single RGB-D image with severe occlusion. Our approach is end-to-end, consisting of three modules: 3D scene volume reconstruction, 2D RGB-D and segmentation image inpainting, and multi-view selection for completion. Given a single RGB-D image, our method first predicts its semantic segmentation map and goes through the 3D volume branch to obtain a volumetric scene reconstruction as a guide…
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室）；Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所智能感知与计算研究中心）；Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Face completion is a challenging generation task because it requires generating visually pleasing new pixels that are semantically consistent with the unmasked face region. This paper proposes a geometry-aware Face Completion and Editing NETwork (FCENet) by systematically studying facial geometry from the unmasked region. Firstly, a facial geometry estimator is learned to estimate facial landmark heatmaps and parsing maps from the unmasked face image. Then, an encoder-decoder structure generator serves to complete a face image and disentangle its mask areas conditioned on both the masked face …
Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH（莱奥本聚合物能力中心有限公司）
Automated surface inspection is an important task in many manufacturing industries and often requires machine learning driven solutions. Supervised approaches, however, can be challenging, since it is often difficult to obtain large amounts of labeled training data. In this work, we instead perform one-class unsupervised learning on fault-free samples by training a deep convolutional neural network to complete images whose center regions are cut out. Since the network is trained exclusively on fault-free data, it completes the image patches with a fault-free version of the missing image region…
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
This paper proposes a novel framework called concatenated image completion via tensor augmentation and completion (ICTAC), which recovers missing entries of color images with high accuracy. Typical images are second- or third-order tensors (2D/3D) depending if they are grayscale or color, hence tensor completion algorithms are ideal for their recovery. The proposed framework performs image completion by concatenating copies of a single image that has missing entries into a third-order tensor, applying a dimensionality augmentation technique to the tensor, utilizing a tensor completion algorith…
