风电波动在电网中的传播
Propagation of wind-power-induced fluctuations in power grids
摘要：
可再生发电机扰动电功率电网具有严重的非高斯和时间相关的波动。虽然在时间尺度上的分钟和小时的发电量的变化补偿频率控制措施，我们报告的次秒级配电网频率测量与当地的非高斯波动，这取决于风力发电的大小在电网中。出于这样的实验研究结果，我们模拟亚秒电网频率动态扰动的电网，建模的相位耦合非线性振荡器的网络，与合成生成的风力发电馈入时间序列。我们推导出一个线性响应理论，并获得分析结果的方差的频率增量分布。我们发现，短期波动的方差衰减，大惯性，指数与距离馈入节点，在协议的数值结果都为一个线性链的节点和德国的输电网拓扑结构。与此形成鲜明对比的是，频率增量的峰度在两个系统中仅缓慢地衰减，而不是指数衰减，这表明频率波动的非高斯形状在长范围内持续存在。
英文摘要：
Renewable generators perturb the electric power grid with heavily non-Gaussian and time correlated fluctuations. While changes in generated power on timescales of minutes and hours are compensated by frequency control measures, we report subsecond distribution grid frequency measurements with local non-Gaussian fluctuations which depend on the magnitude of wind power generation in the grid. Motivated by such experimental findings, we simulate the sub-second grid frequency dynamics by perturbing the power grid, as modeled by a network of phase coupled nonlinear oscillators, with synthetically generated wind power feed-in time series. We derive a linear response theory and obtain analytical results for the variance of frequency increment distributions. We find that the variance of short-term fluctuations decays, for large inertia, exponentially with distance to the feed-in node, in agreement with numerical results both for a linear chain of nodes and the German transmission grid topology. In sharp contrast, the kurtosis of frequency increments is numerically found to decay only slowly, not exponentially, in both systems, indicating that the non-Gaussian shape of frequency fluctuations persists over long ranges.
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