arXiv 1809.034842018-09astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th

引力波衰变为暗能量

Gravitational Wave Decay into Dark Energy

Paolo Creminelli, Matthew Lewandowski, Giovanni Tambalo, Filippo Vernizzi

备注：: 24 pages. Added references. Matches JCAP version
DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2018/12/025

摘要：

我们研究了引力波衰变为暗能量涨落$π$的过程，通过过程$γ\to ππ$和$γ\to γπ$，使洛伦兹不变性的自发破缺成为可能。在暗能量的EFT（或Horndeski/超越Horndeski理论）中，第一个过程对于算符$\frac12 \tilde m_4^2(t) \, δg^{00}\, \left( {}^{(3)}\! R + δK_μ^νδK^μ_ν-δK^2 \right)$来说是很大的，因此最近的观测迫使$\tilde m_4 =0$（或等价地$α_{\rm H}=0$）。这个限制，加上引力波以光速传播的要求，排除了所有四次和五次GLPV理论。此外，我们还研究了相同的耦合如何影响引力子在圈阶的传播。与$\tilde m_4^2$成比例的算子产生对引力子传播的可计算的、非洛伦兹不变的高阶导数校正。色散关系的修正提供了一个可与衰变相比拟的$\tilde m_4^2$的束缚。相反，三次Horndeski的算子不会产生相当大的高阶导数修正。

英文摘要：

We study the decay of gravitational waves into dark energy fluctuations $π$, through the processes $γ\to ππ$ and $γ\to γπ$, made possible by the spontaneous breaking of Lorentz invariance. Within the EFT of Dark Energy (or Horndeski/beyond Horndeski theories) the first process is large for the operator $\frac12 \tilde m_4^2(t) \, δg^{00}\, \left( {}^{(3)}\! R + δK_μ^νδK^μ_ν-δK^2 \right)$, so that the recent observations force $\tilde m_4 =0$ (or equivalently $α_{\rm H}=0$). This constraint, together with the requirement that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, rules out all quartic and quintic GLPV theories. Additionally, we study how the same couplings affect the propagation of gravitons at loop order. The operator proportional to $\tilde m_4^2$ generates a calculable, non-Lorentz invariant higher-derivative correction to the graviton propagation. The modification of the dispersion relation provides a bound on $\tilde m_4^2$ comparable to the one of the decay. Conversely, operators up to cubic Horndeski do not generate sizeable higher-derivative corrections.

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