arXiv 2008.123062020-08hep-phastro-ph.CO

来自暗区的引力波、振荡膨胀子和质量增强的暗物质

Gravitational Waves From Dark Sectors, Oscillating Inflatons, and Mass Boosted Dark Matter

Amit Bhoonah, Joseph Bramante, Simran Nerval, Ningqiang Song

备注：: Manuscript updated to reflect published version
DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/04/043

摘要：

来自动态标量场组态的引力波特征为早期宇宙提供了一个引人注目的观测窗口。在这里，我们确定有趣的连接之间的暗物质和标量场发射引力波，无论是通过一阶相变或膨胀后振荡。为了研究一阶相变中的引力波，我们研究了一个由重标量场耦合到矢量场和费米子场的简化模型。然后我们计算了由暴胀子场组态在E模型和T模型暴胀后振荡产生的引力波谱。其中一些引力波特征可以被未来的大爆炸天文台发现，尽管一般来说，我们发现MHz-GHz频率的引力波灵敏度对于发现最重的暗区至关重要。有趣的是，我们发现，标量经历相变，随着E-模型和T-模型的潜力，可以推动后期的暗物质质量提升，并产生普朗克质量的暗物质。对于相变和振荡暴胀子，最大的暗物质质量增加对应于更高振幅的随机引力波背景。

英文摘要：

Gravitational waves signatures from dynamical scalar field configurations provide a compelling observational window on the early universe. Here we identify intriguing connections between dark matter and scalars fields that emit gravitational waves, either through a first order phase transition or oscillating after inflation. To study gravitational waves from first order phase transitions, we investigate a simplified model consisting of a heavy scalar coupled to a vector and fermion field. We then compute gravitational wave spectra sourced by inflaton field configurations oscillating after E-Model and T-Model inflation. Some of these gravitational wave signatures can be uncovered by the future Big Bang Observatory, although in general we find that MHz-GHz frequency gravitational wave sensitivity will be critical for discovering the heaviest dark sectors. Intriguingly, we find that scalars undergoing phase transitions, along with E-Model and T-Model potentials, can impel a late-time dark matter mass boost and generate up to Planck mass dark matter. For phase transitions and oscillating inflatons, the largest dark matter mass boosts correspond to higher amplitude stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds.

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