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arXiv 1809.03058astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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NANOGrav12.5年数据集:精确毫秒脉冲星中脉冲抖动的频率依赖性

The NANOGrav 12.5-Year Data Set: The Frequency Dependence of Pulse Jitter in Precision Millisecond Pulsars

M. T. Lam, M. A. McLaughlin, Z. Arzoumanian, H. Blumer, P. R. Brook, H. T. Cromartie, P. B. Demorest, M. E. DeCesar, T. Dolch, J. A. Ellis, R. D. Ferdman, E. C.… 展开作者

M. T. Lam, M. A. McLaughlin, Z. Arzoumanian, H. Blumer, P. R. Brook, H. T. Cromartie, P. B. Demorest, M. E. DeCesar, T. Dolch, J. A. Ellis, R. D. Ferdman, E. C. Ferrara, E. Fonseca, N. Garver-Daniels, P. A. Gentile, M. L. Jones, D. R. Lorimer, R. S. Lynch, C. Ng, D. J. Nice, T. T. Pennucci, S. M. Ransom, R. Spiewak, I. H. Stairs, K. Stovall, J. K. Swiggum, S. J. Vigeland, W. W. Zhu

摘要:

低频引力波实验需要最稳定的毫秒级射电望远镜阵列提供最高的计时精度。几个已知的噪声源在短时间尺度上的单个无线电脉冲星观测是很好地描述了一个简单的模型的三个组成部分:模板拟合从一个有限的信噪比,脉冲相位/幅度抖动从单脉冲随机性,闪烁误差从短时间尺度星际散射变化。目前,模板拟合误差占主导地位,但随着射电望远镜向更高的信噪比迈进,抖动成为大多数毫秒脉冲星的下一个主导术语。了解抖动的统计数据对于正确表征到达时间的不确定性至关重要。我们的特点的射频依赖的抖动使用的数据在北美纳赫兹天文台的引力波(NANOGrav)定时程序的48个卫星。我们检测到显着的抖动在43的pixels和测试几个功能的形式,其频率依赖性,我们发现显着的频率依赖性为30 pixels。我们发现适度的均方根抖动与脉冲宽度(R = 0.62)和配置文件组件(R = 0.40)的数量的相关性;单脉冲均方根抖动通常是脉冲相位的1%。使用幂律模型的所有样本的平均频率依赖性指数为-0.42。我们研究了PSR~B1937+21脉冲间的抖动变化,发现与主脉冲均方根抖动没有明显的偏差。我们还测试了抖动的时间变化,在两个雷达,发现系统可能会导致高精度雷达的结果。脉冲星定时阵列分析必须正确地模拟抖动作为探测器内噪声的重要组成部分。

英文摘要:

Low-frequency gravitational-wave experiments require the highest timing precision from an array of the most stable millisecond pulsars. Several known sources of noise on short timescales in single radio-pulsar observations are well described by a simple model of three components: template-fitting from a finite signal-to-noise ratio, pulse phase/amplitude jitter from single-pulse stochasticity, and scintillation errors from short-timescale interstellar scattering variations. Currently template-fitting errors dominate, but as radio telescopes push towards higher signal-to-noise ratios, jitter becomes the next dominant term for most millisecond pulsars. Understanding the statistics of jitter becomes crucial for properly characterizing arrival-time uncertainties. We characterize the radio-frequency dependence of jitter using data on 48 pulsars in the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) timing program. We detect significant jitter in 43 of the pulsars and test several functional forms for its frequency dependence; we find significant frequency dependence for 30 pulsars. We find moderate correlations of rms jitter with pulse width (R = 0.62) and number of profile components (R = 0.40); the single-pulse rms jitter is typically ~1% of pulse phase. The average frequency dependence for all pulsars using a power-law model has index -0.42. We investigate the jitter variations for the interpulse of PSR~B1937+21 and find no significant deviations from the main pulse rms jitter. We also test the time-variation of jitter in two pulsars and find that systematics likely bias the results for high-precision pulsars. Pulsar timing array analyses must properly model jitter as a significant component of the noise within the detector.

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