用一颗新的地球卫星测量De Sitter进动到$\mathbf{\simeq 10^{-5}}$水平：一个建议
Measuring the De Sitter precession with a new Earth's satellite to the $\mathbf{\simeq 10^{-5}}$ level: a proposal
摘要：
在极轨道上的地球卫星的倾角$I$经历了一个长期的De Sitter岁差$-7.6$毫角秒每年为一个适当的选择其非循环节点$Ω$的初始值。由于地球势的偶次和奇次纬向谐波，$I$的竞争性长周期谐波变化率在圆形或极轨道上消失，而根本没有长期变化率。从原则上讲，通过改进月球激光测距得到的$9\times 10^{-4}$的当前范围，这有可能打开用精确跟踪的卫星测量弱场极限中测地进动的可能性，另一方面，这可能是相当乐观的，提高了一个数量级，或者甚至更好。最隐蔽的竞争效应是由于固体和海洋组成部分的$K_1$潮汐，因为他们的扰动有名义上巨大的振幅和相同的时间模式的德西特签名。它们消失在极地轨道上。从理想的极坐标几何结构的$\simeq 10^{-5}-10^{-3}~\textrm{deg}$的结构允许保持$K_1$潮汐扰动到足够小的水平。大多数其他的引力和非引力摄动消失的建议的轨道配置，而非消失的要么有不同的时间签名相对于德西特效应或可以建模具有足够的精度。为了满足所提出的目标，$I$的测量精度应该优于$\simeq 35~\textrm{microarcseconds}=0.034~\textrm{milliarcseconds}$，比如说，5年。
英文摘要：
The inclination $I$ of an Earth's satellite in polar orbit undergoes a secular De Sitter precession of $-7.6$ milliarcseconds per year for a suitable choice of the initial value of its non-circulating node $Ω$. The competing long-periodic harmonic rates of change of $I$ due to the even and odd zonal harmonics of the geopotential vanish for either a circular or polar orbit, while no secular rates occur at all. This may open up, in principle, the possibility of measuring the geodesic precession in the weak-field limit with an accurately tracked satellite by improving the current bound of $9\times 10^{-4}$ from Lunar Laser Ranging, which, on the other hand, may be even rather optimistic, by one order of magnitude, or, perhaps, even better. The most insidious competing effects are due to the solid and ocean components of the $K_1$ tide since their perturbations have nominal huge amplitudes and the same temporal pattern of the De Sitter signature. They vanish for polar orbits. Departures of $\simeq 10^{-5}-10^{-3}~\textrm{deg}$ from the ideal polar geometry allow to keep the $K_1$ tidal perturbations to a sufficiently small level. Most of the other gravitational and non-gravitational perturbations vanish for the proposed orbital configuration, while the non-vanishing ones either have different temporal signatures with respect to the De Sitter effect or can be modeled with sufficient accuracy. In order to meet the proposed goal, the measurement accuracy of $I$ should be better than $\simeq 35~\textrm{microarcseconds}=0.034~\textrm{milliarcseconds}$ over, say, 5 yr.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
