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arXiv 1809.01007quant-ph
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机械振荡器的光学反作用规避测量

Optical Backaction-Evading Measurement of a Mechanical Oscillator

Itay Shomroni, Liu Qiu, Daniel Malz, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Tobias J. Kippenberg

摘要:

量子力学对谐振子的连续位置测量的精度施加了限制,这是由于测量场中的量子涨落引起的量子反作用。已经提出了各种技术来超越这个标准的量子限制,如变分测量,频闪量子非破坏和双音反作用规避(BAE)测量。后者通过仅监测运动的两个非对易正交中的一个来进行。这种技术最初是在引力波探测的背景下提出的,迄今为止还没有使用光学干涉仪实现。在这里,我们展示了连续的双音反作用规避测量的本地化GHz频率的光子晶体纳米梁低温和光机械冷却在$^3$他缓冲气体低温恒温器接近基态的机械模式的光域。采用量子限制光外差探测,我们明确地显示了从传统的反作用规避测量的过渡。我们观察到高达0.67 dB(14%)的总测量噪声减少,从而证明了BAE测量的可行性,在纳米机械谐振器的运动和力的光学超灵敏测量。

英文摘要:

Quantum mechanics imposes a limit on the precision of a continuous position measurement of a harmonic oscillator, as a result of quantum backaction arising from quantum fluctuations in the measurement field. A variety of techniques to surpass this standard quantum limit have been proposed, such as variational measurements, stroboscopic quantum non-demolition and two tone backaction-evading (BAE) measurements. The latter proceed by monitoring only one of the two non-commuting quadratures of the motion. This technique, originally proposed in the context of gravitational wave detection, has not been implemented using optical interferometers to date. Here we demonstrate continuous two-tone backaction-evading measurement in the optical domain of a localized GHz frequency mechanical mode of a photonic crystal nanobeam cryogenically and optomechanically cooled in a $^3$He buffer gas cryostat close to the ground state. Employing quantum-limited optical heterodyne detection, we explicitly show the transition from conventional to backaction-evading measurement. We observe up to 0.67 dB (14%) reduction of total measurement noise, thereby demonstrating the viability of BAE measurements for optical ultrasensitive measurements of motion and force in nanomechanical resonators.

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