DUNE as the Next-Generation Solar Neutrino Experiment
Francesco Capozzi, Shirley Weishi Li, Guanying Zhu, John F. Beacom
备注：
Main text is 5 pages; total with references and Supplemental Material is 21 pages. Matches the version published on PRL. Attached a file with the event rate for each background component. In v3, the only change is to restore the paragraph breaks that disappeared from the Supplemental Material in v2
We show that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), with significant but feasible new efforts, has the potential to deliver world-leading results in solar neutrinos. With a 100 kton-year exposure, DUNE could detect $\gtrsim 10^5$ signal events above 5 MeV electron energy. Separate precision measurements of neutrino-mixing parameters and the $^8$B flux could be made using two detection channels ($ν_e + \, ^{40}$Ar and $ν_{e,μ,τ} + e^-$) and the day-night effect ($> 10 σ$). New particle physics may be revealed through the comparison of solar neutrinos (with matter effects) and reactor neutrinos (without), which is discrepant by $\sim 2 σ$ (and could become $5.6 σ$). New astrophysics may be revealed through the most precise measurement of the $^8$B flux (to 2.5\%) and the first detection of the {\it hep} flux (to 11\%). {\it DUNE is required:} No other experiment, even proposed, has been shown capable of fully realizing these discovery opportunities.
It was shown that the tension between the mass-squared differences obtained from solar neutrinos and those acquired through KamLAND experiments may be solved by the introduction of a non-standard flavor-dependent interaction (NSI) in neutrino propagation. In this study, we discuss the possibility of testing such a hypothesis using the future long-baseline neutrino experiments T2HKK and DUNE. Assuming that the NSI does not exist, we provide the excluded region within the ($ε_D$, $ε_N$) plane, where $ε_D$ and $ε_N$ are the parameters appearing in the solar neutrino analysis conducted with the NS…
We explore oscillations of the solar $^8$B neutrinos in the Earth in detail. The relative excess of night $ν_e$ events (the Night-Day asymmetry) is computed as function of the neutrino energy and the nadir angle $η$ of its trajectory. The finite energy resolution of the detector causes an important attenuation effect, while the layer-like structure of the Earth density leads to an interesting parametric suppression of the oscillations. Different features of the $η-$ dependence encode information about the structure (such as density jumps) of the Earth density profile; thus measuring the $η$ di…
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton fiducial mass underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino-flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The recent progress on detection and reconstruction of supernova burst neutrinos in DUNE, including the contribution of the light detection systems are presented.
We study future DUNE sensitivity to various electromagnetic couplings of neutrinos, including magnetic moments, milli-charges, and charge radii. The DUNE PRISM capabilities play a crucial role in constraining the electron flavored couplings. We find that DUNE will be able to place the strongest terrestrial constraint on the muon-neutrino magnetic moment by improving on LSND's bounds by roughly a factor of two, although Borexino's solar constraint will still be stronger. For the muon neutrino milli-charge DUNE can place the leading experimental bound, with two orders of magnitude improvement co…
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a proposed next generation superbeam experiment at Fermilab. Its aims include measuring the unknown neutrino oscillation parameters -- the neutrino mass hierarchy, the octant of the mixing angle $θ_{23}$ and the CP violating phase $δ_{CP}$. The current and upcoming experiments T2K, NOvA and ICAL@INO will also be collecting data for the same measurements. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity reach of DUNE in combination with these other experiments. We evaluate the least exposure required by DUNE to determine the above three unknown parame…
We study the matter effect caused by non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) in the future solar neutrino experiments, DUNE, HK and MICA. The upcoming reactor experiment, JUNO is expected to provide the most precise measurements of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and is going to open up the era of sub-percent precision in the leptonic mixing sector of the Standard Model (SM). Considering JUNO can measure $Δm ^2 _{21}$ and $θ_{12}$ by sub-percent precision and assuming SM as the null hypothesis, we study the possibility to constrain NSI parameters by the future solar neutrino experiments…
The full physics potential of the next-generation Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is still being explored. In particular, there have been some recent studies on the possibility of improving DUNE's neutrino energy reconstruction. The main motivation is that a better determination of the neutrino energy in an event-by-event basis will translate into an improved measurement of the Dirac $CP$ phase and other neutrino oscillation parameters. To further motivate studies and improvements on the neutrino energy reconstruction, we evaluate the impact of energy resolution at DUNE on an illus…
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a potential dark matter candidate whose masses can span over many orders of magnitude. If they have masses in the $10^{15}-10^{17}$ g range, they can emit sizeable fluxes of MeV neutrinos through evaporation via Hawking radiation. We explore the possibility of detecting light (non-)rotating PBHs with future neutrino experiments. We focus on two next generation facilities: the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and THEIA. We simulate the expected event spectra at both experiments assuming different PBH mass distributions and spins, and we extract the e…
In the recent years experiments have established the existence of neutrino oscillations and most of the oscillation parameters have been measured with a good accuracy. The search for New Physics in neutrino oscillation will be an experimental concrete possibility in the next future. In this paper we investigate the ability of the DUNE facility to search for Non Standard Interaction (NSI) in neutrino propagation in matter, emphasizing the role of different assumptions on the shape and absolute normalization errors of both $ν_e$ and $ν_μ$ signals. We also study in detail the effects of NSI and s…
Testing, in a non-trivial, model-independent way, the hypothesis that the three-massive-neutrinos paradigm properly describes nature is among the main goals of the current and the next generation of neutrino oscillation experiments. In the coming decade, the DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments will be able to study the oscillation of both neutrinos and antineutrinos with unprecedented precision. We explore the ability of these experiments, and combinations of them, to determine whether the parameters that govern these oscillations are the same for neutrinos and antineutrinos, as prescribed b…
Neutrino mass ordering from the next Galactic supernova at DUNE, HK, and JUNO
State Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理国家重点实验室）；Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati（印度理工学院古瓦哈提分校）；Central University of Kashmir（克什米尔中央大学）；Tezpur University（特普尔大学）
Next generation neutrino oscillation experiments like DUNE and T2HK are multi-purpose observatories, with a rich physics program beyond oscillation measurements. A special role is played by their near detector facilities, which are particularly well-suited to search for weakly coupled dark sector particles produced in the primary target. In this paper, we demonstrate this by estimating the sensitivity of the DUNE near detectors to the scattering of sub-GeV DM particles and to the decay of sub-GeV sterile neutrinos ("heavy neutral leptons"). We discuss in particular the importance of the DUNE-P…
We study the efficiency of DUNE, a next generation long baseline oscillation experiment to resolve two major unknowns in neutrino oscillation physics. These are, octant of $θ_{23}$ (i.e. if $θ_{23}$ is $< 45^\circ$ or $>45^\circ$) and Dirac CP phase $δ_{CP}$. We mainly focus on the role of antineutrinos when they travel 1300 km baseline of DUNE. We observe that for DUNE, the antineutrino runs help to remove parameter degeneracies even in the parameter space where the antineutrino probability suffers from various degeneracies. We study these points in detail and find that, due to enhanced matte…
The CP phases associated with the sterile neutrino cannot be measured in the dedicated short-baseline experiments being built to test the sterile neutrino hypothesis. On the other hand, these phases can be measured in long-baseline experiments, even though the main goal of these experiments is not to test or measure sterile neutrino parameters. In particular, the sterile neutrino phase $δ_{24}$ affects the charged-current electron appearance data in long-baseline experiment. In this paper we show for the first time how well the sterile neutrino phase $δ_{24}$ can be measured by the next-genera…
We study the matter effect caused by nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) in the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiments, DUNE, T2HK and T2HKK. If multiple NSI parameters are nonzero, the potential of these experiments to detect CP violation, determine the mass hierarchy and constrain NSI is severely impaired by degeneracies between the NSI parameters and by the generalized mass hierarchy degeneracy. In particular, a cancellation between leading order terms in the appearance channels when $ε_{eτ} = \cotθ_{23} ε_{eμ}$, strongly affects the sensitivities to these two NSI parameters…
Next generation neutrino oscillation experiments are expected to measure the remaining oscillation parameters with very good precision. They will have unprecedented capabilities to search for new physics that modify oscillations. DUNE, with its broad band beam, good particle identification, and relatively high energies will provide an excellent environment to search for new physics. If deviations from the standard three-flavor oscillation picture are seen however, it is crucial to know which new physics scenario is found so that it can be verified elsewhere and theoretically understood. We inv…
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) could be revolutionary for MeV neutrino astrophysics, because of its huge detector volume, unique event reconstruction capabilities, and excellent sensitivity to the $ν_e$ flavor. However, its backgrounds are not yet known. A major background is expected due to muon spallation of argon, which produces unstable isotopes that later beta decay. We present the first comprehensive study of MeV spallation backgrounds in argon, detailing isotope production mechanisms and decay properties, analyzing beta energy and time distributions, and proposing exper…
CP violating signal at DUNE in presence of nonstandard interactions and the role of second oscillation maxima
Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai（印度理工学院比莱分校）；Shree Ram College（Shree Ram学院）；Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar（布巴内斯瓦尔物理研究所）；Jawaharlal Nehru University（贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学）
The hypothesis of the decay of neutrino mass eigenstates leads to a substantial modification of the appearance and disappearance probabilities of flavor eigenstates. We investigate the impact on the standard oscillation scenario caused by the decay of the heaviest mass eigenstate $ν_3$ (with a mass $m_3$ and a mean life $τ_3$) to a sterile state in DUNE. We find that the lower bound of $5.1 \times 10^{-11}~s/eV$ at 90\% CL on the decay parameter $τ_3/m_3$ can be set if the Neutral Current data are included in the analysis, thus providing the best long-baseline expected limit so far. We also sh…
Our knowledge on the active 3$ν$ mixing angles ($θ_{12}$, $θ_{13}$, and $θ_{23}$) and the CP phase $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}$ is becoming accurate day-by-day enabling us to test the unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix with utmost precision. Future high-precision long-baseline experiments are going to play an important role in this direction. In this work, we study the impact of possible non-unitary neutrino mixing (NUNM) in the context of next-generation long-baseline experiments DUNE and T2HKK/JD+KD having one detector in Japan (T2HK/JD) and a second detector in Korea (KD). We estimate the sensiti…
Probing non-unitarity of the PMNS matrix in P2SO and comparison with DUNE
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad（海德拉巴大学物理学院）；Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute（鲁德·博什科维奇研究所先进材料与传感设备卓越中心）
The detection of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) will preciously contribute to gauge the properties of the core-collapse supernova population. We estimate the DSNB event rate in the next-generation neutrino detectors, Hyper-Kamiokande enriched with Gadolinium, JUNO, and DUNE. The determination of the supernova unknowns through the DSNB will be heavily driven by Hyper-Kamiokande, given its higher expected event rate, and complemented by DUNE that will help in reducing the parameters uncertainties. Meanwhile, JUNO will be sensitive to the DSNB signal over the largest energy rang…
We investigate the potential of the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiments DUNE and T2HK as well as the upcoming reactor experiment JUNO to constrain Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) parameters. JUNO is going to provide the most precise measurements of solar neutrino oscillation parameters as well as determining the neutrino mass ordering. We study how the results of JUNO combined with those of long-baseline neutrino experiments such as DUNE and T2HK can help to determine oscillation parameters and to constrain NSI parameters. We present excluded regions in NSI parameter space, $ε_{α…
We investigate the sensitivity of solar neutrino data to mixing of sterile neutrinos with masses $\gtrsim$ eV. For current data, we perform a Feldman-Cousins analysis to derive a robust limit on the sterile neutrino mixing. The solar neutrino limit excludes significant regions of the parameter space relevant to hints from reactor and radioactive gallium source experiments. We then study the sensitivity of upcoming solar neutrino data, most notably elastic neutrino-electron scattering in the DARWIN and DUNE experiments as well as coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. These high precis…
The discovery of non-zero neutrino masses invites one to consider decays of heavier neutrinos into lighter ones. We investigate the impact of two-body decays of neutrinos on the neutronization burst of a core-collapse supernova -- the large burst of $ν_e$ during the first 25 ms post core-bounce. In the models we consider, the $ν_e$, produced mainly as a $ν_3\,(ν_2)$ in the normal (inverted) mass ordering, are allowed to decay to $ν_1\,(ν_3)$ or $\barν_1\,(\barν_3)$, and an almost massless scalar. These decays can lead to the appearance of a neutronization peak for a normal mass ordering or the…
We investigate the prospects of next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments DUNE, T2HK and JUNO including TAO within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We also re-interpret COHERENT data in this framework. Considering both charged and neutral current neutrino Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs), we analyse dimension-6 SMEFT operators and derive lower bounds to UV scale $Λ$. The most powerful probe is obtained on ${\cal O}_{{ledq}_{1211}}$ with $Λ\gtrsim$ 450 TeV due to the electron neutrino sample in T2HK near detector. We find DUNE and JUNO to be complementary to T2HK in explori…
We study the prospects for measuring the low-energy components of the solar neutrino flux in future direct dark matter detection experiments. We show that for a depletion of $^{136}$Xe by a factor of 100 relative to its natural abundance, and an extension to electron recoil energies of $\sim$ MeV, future xenon experiments with exposure $\sim 200$ ton-yr can detect the CNO component of the solar neutrino flux at $\sim 3 σ$ significance. A CNO detection will provide important insight into metallicity of the solar interior. Precise measurement of low-energy solar neutrinos, including as $pp$, $^7…
Continuum contribution to charged-current absorption of low-energy $ν_e$ on $^{40}$Ar
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research（欧洲核子研究中心）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Ghent University（根特大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）
Available estimates for the energy resolution of DUNE vary by as much as a factor of four. To address this controversy, and to connect the resolution to the underlying physical processes, we build an independent simulation pipeline for neutrino events in liquid argon, combining the public tools GENIE and FLUKA. Using this pipeline, we first characterize the channels of non-hermeticity of DUNE, including subthreshold particles, charge recombination, and nuclear breakup. Particular attention is paid to the role of neutrons, which are responsible for a large fraction of missing energy in all chan…
Non-standard neutrino interactions with a massive boson can produce the bosons in the core of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). After the emission of the bosons from the SN core, their subsequent decays into neutrinos can modify the SN neutrino flux. We show future observations of neutrinos from a next galactic SN in Super-Kamiokande (SK) and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) can probe flavor-universal non-standard neutrino couplings to a light boson, improving the previous limit from the SN 1987A neutrino burst by several orders of magnitude. We also discuss sensitivity of the flavor-universal non-standard…
New limits for the Violation of Equivalence Principle (VEP) are obtained considering the mass-flavor mixing hypothesis. This analysis includes observations of solar and reactor neutrinos and has obtained a limit for the VEP parameter $|Δγ|$ contributing to the $ν_e$ and $\barν_e$ disappearance channels of the order $|Δγ|<10^{-14}$, when it is assumed that neutrinos are mainly affected by the gravitational potential $φ\approx 10^{-5}$ due to the Great Attractor.
Several next-generation experiments aim to make the first measurement of the neutrino flux from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) solar fusion cycle. We calculate how much time these experiments will need to run for in order to measure this flux with enough precision to tell us the metal content of the Sun's core, and thereby help to solve the solar metallicity problem. For experiments looking at neutrino-electron scattering, we find that SNO+ will measure this CNO neutrino flux with enough precision after five years in its pure scintillator mode, provided its $^{210}$Bi background is measured …
Using effective field theory, we calculate the S-factor for the hep process in a totally parameter-free formulation. The transition operators are organized according to chiral counting, and their matrix elements are evaluated using the realistic nuclear wave functions obtained in the correlated-hyperspherical-harmonics method. Terms of up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory are considered. Fixing the only parameter in the theory by fitting the tritium β-decay rate, we predict the hep S-factor with accuracy better than \sim 20 %.
Self-Calibration of the Neutrino-Argon Cross Section with Solar Neutrinos
Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学宇宙学与天体粒子物理中心）；Department of Physics, Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学物理系）；Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学天文系）
The cross sections for low-energy neutrino-deuteron reactions are calculated within heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory employing cut-off regularization scheme. The transition operators are derived up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in the Weinberg counting rules, while the nuclear matrix elements are evaluated using the wave functions generated by a high-quality phenomenological NN potential. With the adoption of the axial-current-four-nucleon coupling constant fixed from the tritium beta decay data, our calculation is free from unknown low-energy constants. Our results exhibit a…
