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arXiv 1808.05043astro-ph.SR
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非球形AGB星的大气和风性质

Atmospheres and wind properties of non-spherical AGB stars

S. Liljegren, S. Höfner, B. Freytag, S. Bladh

摘要:

渐近巨星分支(AGB)恒星的风驱动机制通常被归因于两个步骤:首先,恒星大气中的气体被恒星脉动引起的冲击波悬浮,然后被新形成的尘埃上的辐射压力加速向外,引起风。这种风的动力学模型通常假设一个球对称的恒星。我们探讨了复杂的恒星表面结构的潜在后果,如预测的三维(3D)星在一个盒子建模的M型AGB星,对由此产生的风的性质,旨在改善目前的风模型。使用两种不同的建模方法; CO $^5$ BOLD 3D star-in-a-box代码模拟恒星的对流、脉动内部和低层大气,DARWIN一维(1D)代码描述风加速的动态大气。比较了两种模拟方法模拟的距离为$R\sim1-2R_\star$的内大气区的气体动力学。利用CO $^5$ BOLD模型的动力学性质和光度变化作为DARWIN风模型内边界的输入,模拟了巨对流单体和脉动的作用,并探讨了它们对动力学性质的影响。CO $^5$ BOLD模型具有固有的各向异性,激波阵面不均匀,光度振幅变化,与球对称的达尔文风模型相反。采用CO $^5$ BOLD导出的内边界条件的DARWIN风模型产生的风速和质量损失率与标准DARWIN模型相当,但风在10-20年的时间尺度上显示出较大的密度变化。

英文摘要:

The wind-driving mechanism of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is commonly attributed to a two-step process: first, gas in the stellar atmosphere is levitated by shockwaves caused by stellar pulsation, then accelerated outwards by radiative pressure on newly formed dust, inducing a wind. Dynamical modelling of such winds usually assumes a spherically symmetric star. We explore the potential consequences of complex stellar surface structures, as predicted by three-dimensional (3D) star-in-a-box modelling of M-type AGB stars, on the resulting wind properties with the aim to improve the current wind models. Two different modelling approaches are used; the CO$^5$BOLD 3D star-in-a-box code to simulate the convective, pulsating interior and lower atmosphere of the star, and the DARWIN one-dimensional (1D) code to describe the dynamical atmosphere where the wind is accelerated. The gas dynamics of the inner atmosphere region at distances of $R\sim1-2R_\star$, which both modelling approaches simulate, are compared. Dynamical properties and luminosity variations derived from CO$^5$BOLD interior models are used as input for the inner boundary in DARWIN wind models in order to emulate the effects of giant convection cells and pulsation, and explore their influence on the dynamical properties. The CO$^5$BOLD models are inherently anisotropic, with non-uniform shock fronts and varying luminosity amplitudes, in contrast to the spherically symmetrical DARWIN wind models. DARWIN wind models with CO$^5$BOLD-derived inner boundary conditions produced wind velocities and mass-loss rates comparable to the standard DARWIN models, however the winds show large density variations on time-scales of 10-20 years.

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