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arXiv 1808.03314cs.LGstat.ML
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循环神经网络(RNN)与长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的基础

Fundamentals of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network

Alex Sherstinsky

AI总结:

本文旨在单一文档中系统解释RNN和LSTM的核心基础,从微分方程正式推导RNN公式并证明其展开技术,通过逻辑论证将RNN转化为Vanilla LSTM,并引入扩展构建出迄今最通用的LSTM变体。

摘要:

由于在广泛的实际应用中十分有效,LSTM网络在科学期刊、技术博客和实现指南中获得了大量报道。然而,在大多数文章中,LSTM网络及其前身RNN的推理公式被公理化地陈述,而训练公式则被完全省略。此外,在整个文献中,“展开”RNN的技术在呈现时通常缺乏证明。本文的目标是在一份文档中解释RNN和LSTM的核心基础。借鉴信号处理中的概念,我们从微分方程正式推导了标准的RNN公式。然后,我们提出并证明了一个精确的命题,从而得出了RNN展开技术。我们还回顾了训练标准RNN的困难,并通过一系列逻辑论证将RNN转化为“Vanilla LSTM”网络来解决这些问题。我们提供了与LSTM系统相关的所有方程,以及对其组成实体的详细描述。尽管不同寻常,我们对符号的选择以及展示LSTM系统的方法强调易于理解。作为分析的一部分,我们发现了丰富LSTM系统的新机会,并将这些扩展纳入Vanilla LSTM网络,从而产生了迄今为止最通用的LSTM变体。目标读者是已经通过大量现有资源接触过RNN和LSTM网络,并对替代教学方法持开放态度的人。寻求在软件中实现我们新的增强LSTM模型以进行实验和研究的机器学习从业者,也会发现本教程中的见解和推导很有价值。

英文摘要:

Because of their effectiveness in broad practical applications, LSTM networks have received a wealth of coverage in scientific journals, technical blogs, and implementation guides. However, in most articles, the inference formulas for the LSTM network and its parent, RNN, are stated axiomatically, while the training formulas are omitted altogether. In addition, the technique of "unrolling" an RNN is routinely presented without justification throughout the literature. The goal of this paper is to explain the essential RNN and LSTM fundamentals in a single document. Drawing from concepts in signal processing, we formally derive the canonical RNN formulation from differential equations. We then propose and prove a precise statement, which yields the RNN unrolling technique. We also review the difficulties with training the standard RNN and address them by transforming the RNN into the "Vanilla LSTM" network through a series of logical arguments. We provide all equations pertaining to the LSTM system together with detailed descriptions of its constituent entities. Albeit unconventional, our choice of notation and the method for presenting the LSTM system emphasizes ease of understanding. As part of the analysis, we identify new opportunities to enrich the LSTM system and incorporate these extensions into the Vanilla LSTM network, producing the most general LSTM variant to date. The target reader has already been exposed to RNNs and LSTM networks through numerous available resources and is open to an alternative pedagogical approach. A Machine Learning practitioner seeking guidance for implementing our new augmented LSTM model in software for experimentation and research will find the insights and derivations in this tutorial valuable as well.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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