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arXiv 1808.01142astro-ph.EP
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原行星盘中多种粒子的流动不稳定性

Streaming Instability of Multiple Particle Species in Protoplanetary Disks

Noemi Schaffer, Chao-Chin Yang, Anders Johansen

摘要:

尘埃粒子在原行星盘中的径向漂移和扩散影响着盘的透明度和温度,以及星子形成的位置和时间。在本文中,我们提出的原行星盘,包括不同尺寸分布的尘埃颗粒的粒子气体动力学的数值模拟结果。我们考虑三种情况下的颗粒尺寸范围,一个斯托克斯数$τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-1} - 10^0$,一个$τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$,最后一个$τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-3} - 10^{0}$。此外,我们考虑离散和连续分布的颗粒尺寸。根据以前的工作,我们发现在我们的多物种模拟,不同的颗粒大小通过气体相互作用,因此,他们的动力学变化相比,单物种的情况。较大的物质触发流动不稳定性并产生驱动固体材料扩散的湍流。我们测量了系统的径向平衡速度,发现在多粒子模拟中,大粒子的径向漂移速度减小,而小粒子粒子平均向外移动。我们还改变尺寸分布的陡度,使得固体数密度分布的指数$\rm{d}\it{N}/\rm{d}\it{a} \propto \it{a^{-q}}$为$q = 3$或$q = 4$。我们测量颗粒的刻度高度,并观察到小颗粒在大颗粒所在的沉积中面层上方被搅动。我们测得的扩散和漂移参数可用于凝聚模型的行星形成,以及了解原始陨石(矩阵,球粒和CAIs)的成分的相对混合之前,在其母体中包含。

英文摘要:

The radial drift and diffusion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks affect both the opacity and temperature of such disks as well as the location and timing of planetesimal formation. In this paper, we present results of numerical simulations of particle-gas dynamics in protoplanetary disks that include dust grains with various size distributions. We consider three scenarios in terms of particle size ranges, one where the Stokes number $τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-1} - 10^0$, one where $τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$ and finally one where $τ_{\rm{s}} = 10^{-3} - 10^{0}$. Moreover, we consider both discrete and continuous distributions in particle size. In accordance with previous works we find in our multi-species simulations that different particle sizes interact via the gas and as a result their dynamics changes compared to the single-species case. The larger species trigger the streaming instability and create turbulence that drives the diffusion of the solid materials. We measure the radial equilibrium velocity of the system and find that the radial drift velocity of the large particles is reduced in the multi-species simulations and that the small particle species move on average outwards. We also vary the steepness of the size distribution, such that the exponent of the solid number density distribution, $\rm{d}\it{N}/\rm{d}\it{a} \propto \it{a^{-q}}$, is either $q = 3$ or $q = 4$. We measure the scale height of the particles and observe that small grains are stirred up well above the sedimented midplane layer where the large particles reside. Our measured diffusion and drift parameters can be used in coagulation models for planet formation as well as to understand relative mixing of the components of primitive meteorites (matrix, chondrules and CAIs) prior to inclusion in their parent bodies.

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