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arXiv 1807.07698nucl-thastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRgr-qcnucl-ex
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从中子星和引力波观测中提取高密度核对称性能量

Extracting Nuclear Symmetry Energies at High Densities from Observations of Neutron Stars and Gravitational Waves

Nai-Bo Zhang, Bao-An Li

摘要:

利用稠密丰中子核子物质的参数状态方程(EOS)对Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov(TOV)方程进行数值反演,利用中子星(NS)的半径、最大质量、潮汐极化率和因果关系条件等观测约束,建立了一个约束的EOS参数空间.作为能量(重子)密度的函数的压力得到的约束带是在最近提取的LIGO+Virgo合作从他们的改进的分析GW 170817的NS潮汐极化率的良好协议。相当强大的上限和下限的核对称性能量提取的观测约束高达约两倍的核物质的饱和密度$ρ_0$。更定量地,在$2ρ_0$的对称性能量被限制为$E_{\rm{sym}}(2ρ_0)=46.9\pm10.1$ MeV,不包括分散在$E_{\rm{sym}}(2ρ_0)=15$和100 MeV之间的许多现有的理论预测。此外,通过研究在有限的EOS参数空间内最大质量中子星中心密度处声速等于光速的因果面的变化,发现中子星的绝对最大质量为2.40 M $_{\odot}$,与所使用的EOS近似无关。这一极限质量与最近几次分析和数值广义相对论模拟的结果一致,这些分析和数值模拟是关于在GW 170817之后立即产生的可能的超大质量反弹的最大质量。

英文摘要:

By numerically inverting the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation using an explicitly isospin-dependent parametric Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nucleonic matter, a restricted EOS parameter space is established using observational constraints on the radius, maximum mass, tidal polarizability and causality condition of neutron stars (NSs). The constraining band obtained for the pressure as a function of energy (baryon) density is in good agreement with that extracted recently by the LIGO+Virgo Collaborations from their improved analyses of the NS tidal polarizability in GW170817. Rather robust upper and lower boundaries on nuclear symmetry energies are extracted from the observational constraints up to about twice the saturation density $ρ_0$ of nuclear matter. More quantitatively, the symmetry energy at $2ρ_0$ is constrained to $E_{\rm{sym}}(2ρ_0)=46.9\pm10.1$ MeV excluding many existing theoretical predictions scattered between $E_{\rm{sym}}(2ρ_0)=15$ and 100 MeV. Moreover, by studying variations of the causality surface where the speed of sound equals that of light at central densities of the most massive neutron stars within the restricted EOS parameter space, the absolutely maximum mass of neutron stars is found to be 2.40 M$_{\odot}$ approximately independent of the EOSs used. This limiting mass is consistent with findings of several recent analyses and numerical general relativity simulations about the maximum mass of the possible super-massive remanent produced in the immediate aftermath of GW170817.

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