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arXiv 1807.07201eess.SP
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毫米波发射机波束形成体系结构中的性能、功率和面积设计权衡

Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures

Han Yan, Sridhar Ramesh, Timothy Gallagher, Curtis Ling, Danijela Cabric

摘要:

毫米波(mmW)通信是5G蜂窝网络的关键推动因素,因为频谱的可用性可以提高峰值速率和容量。由于毫米波频段的传播损耗增加,需要具有大规模天线阵列的收发器来满足链路预算,但它们的功耗和成本成为商业系统的限制因素。基于混合数字和模拟阵列架构的无线电设计以及经由移相器的射频(RF)信号处理的使用已经成为提高能量效率并提供接近数字阵列的性能的潜在解决方案。在本文中,我们提供了一个概述的最先进的毫米波大规模天线阵列的设计和比较三种架构,即数字阵列,子阵列,全连接混合阵列。针对三个代表性的5G用例执行了这三种架构的性能、功率和面积的比较,这些用例涵盖了一系列预波束成形SNR和复用机制。这是第一个全面建模和分析所有设计方面和标准的研究,包括:1)最佳线性预编码器,2)DAC和移相器中量化误差的影响,3)RF信号分配网络,4)基于现有技术的mmW电路的功率和面积估计,包括基带预编码、数字信号分配、DAC、振荡器和混频器、移相器、RF信号分配,和功率放大器。结果表明,数字阵列是最大的功率和面积效率相比,每种架构的最佳设计。我们的分析表明,数字阵列受益于多用户复用。分析还表明,子阵列是有限的,由于阵列分区的波束形成增益降低,和系统的瓶颈,全连接的混合架构是过度功耗的RF信号分配网络。

英文摘要:

Millimeter wave (mmW) communications is the key enabler of 5G cellular networks due to vast spectrum availability that could boost peak rate and capacity. Due to increased propagation loss in mmW band, transceivers with massive antenna array are required to meet link budget, but their power consumption and cost become limiting factors for commercial systems. Radio designs based on hybrid digital and analog array architectures and the usage of radio frequency (RF) signal processing via phase shifters have emerged as potential solutions to improve energy efficiency and deliver performances close to digital arrays. In this paper, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art mmW massive antenna array designs and comparison among three architectures, namely digital array, sub-array, and fully-connected hybrid array. The comparison of performance, power, and area for these three architectures is performed for three representative 5G use cases, which cover a range of pre-beamforming SNR and multiplexing regimes. This is the first study to comprehensively model and analyze all design aspects and criteria including: 1) optimal linear precoder, 2) impact of quantization error in DAC and phase shifters, 3) RF signal distribution network, 4) power and area estimation based on state-of-the-art mmW circuits including baseband precoding, digital signal distribution, DACs, oscillators and mixers, phase shifters, RF signal distribution, and power amplifiers. The results show that the digital array is the most power and area efficient compared against optimal design for each architecture. Our analysis shows digital array benefits greatly from multi-user multiplexing. The analysis also reveals that sub-array is limited by reduced beamforming gain due to array partitioning, and system bottleneck of the fully-connected hybrid architecture is the excessively power hungry RF signal distribution network.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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