研究生教育中的问题发现与创新
Towards Better Problem Finding and Creativity in Graduate School Education
摘要：
目前的研究生院教育体系主要集中在培养更好的学习者和问题解决者。基于问题的学习方法的兴起证明了这种技能在从幼儿到研究生院的各级教育中的重要性。然而，到目前为止，大多数程序主要集中在产生更好的问题解决者，而忽略了问题的发现。问题发现是创造性解决问题的一个重要技能，也是创造性解决问题的第一步.大多数关于问题发现技能的研究只集中在行业和公司，以培训员工在创新产品设计和开发方面跳出框框。在中学或大学阶段，大多数基于问题的学习（PBL）场景中通常会给学生一个定义明确的问题，而问题发现或如何处理结构不良的问题则大多被忽视。在这项研究中，我们提出了新渡部学校计划，并讨论了我们独特的课程，教问题发现在研究生院教育。我们展示了如何在研究生阶段引入问题发现，提高学生在团队学习环境中理解困难和邪恶问题的能力。此外，我们提出了它如何影响研究生的创造力，从而更好地解决问题。
英文摘要：
The current graduate school education system has largely been focusing on producing better learners and problem solvers. The rise of problem based learning approaches are testimonial to the importance of such skills at all levels of education from early childhood to graduate school level. However, most of the programs so far have focused primarily on producing better problem solvers neglecting problem finding at large. Problem finding, an important skill is a subset and first step in creative problem solving. Most studies on problem finding skills have only focused on industries and corporations for training employees to think out of the box for innovative product design and development. At school or university level, students are generally given a well-defined problem in most Problem Based Learning (PBL) scenarios and problem discovery or how to deal with ill-structured problems is mostly ignored. In this study, we present the Nitobe School Program and discuss our unique curriculum to teach problem finding in graduate school education. We show how introducing problem finding at graduate level increases student's ability to comprehend difficult and wicked problems in a team based learning environment. Moreover, we present how it influences creativity in graduate students resulting in better problem solvers.
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