便携式自适应光学系统实现中等望远镜系外行星直接成像,通过高对比度成像技术揭示已知系外行星κ And b。
摘要:
便携式自适应光学(PAO)是一种低成本且紧凑的系统,专为没有自适应光学(AO)的4米级望远镜设计,因为Nasmyth或Cassegrain焦点处存在物理空间限制以及传统AO的历史高成本。PAO的初步科学观测重点是直接成像系外行星和亚恒星伴星。本文讨论了PAO的概念以及我们最近观测运行中相关的高对比度成像性能。PAO在中等见度条件下(1角秒)在H波段能够提供超过60%的斯特里尔比率。结合我们专门的图像旋转和减法(IRS)技术以及优化的IRS(O-IRS)算法,对于主星亮度为5≤V_mag≤9的恒星,在7分钟和2小时的曝光时间内,平均对比度比分别为1.3×10⁻⁵和3.3×10⁻⁶,在0.36角秒的角距离处。PAO在最近的观测中成功揭示了已知的系外行星κ And b,在3.5米ARC望远镜(Apache Point Observatory)的观测中。我们对恢复的κ And b行星进行了相关的天体测量和光度分析,得出其投影分离为0.984±0.05角秒,位置角为51.1±0.5度,质量为10.15_{-1.255}^{+2.19}M_Jup。这些结果表明,PAO可以用于中等大小望远镜的系外行星直接成像。
英文摘要:
The Portable Adaptive Optics (PAO) is a low-cost and compact system, designed for 4-meter class telescopes that have no Adaptive Optics (AO), because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegrain focus and the historically high cost of the conventional AO. The initial scientific observations of the PAO are focused on the direct imaging of exoplanets and sub-stellar companions. This paper discusses the PAO concept and the associated high-contrast imaging performance in our recent observational runs. PAO is delivering a Strehl ratio better than $60\%$ in $H$ band under median seeing conditions of $1 ''$. Combined with our dedicated image rotation and subtraction (IRS) technique and the optimized IRS (O-IRS) algorithm, the averaged contrast ratio for a $5\leq V\rm_{mag} \leq 9$ primary star is $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ and $3.3 \times 10^{-6}$ at angular distance of $0.36 ''$ under exposure time of 7 minutes and 2 hours, respectively. PAO has successfully revealed the known exoplanet of $κ$ And b, in our recent observation at 3.5-meter ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory. We have performed the associated astrometry and photometry analysis of the recovered $κ$ And b planet, which gives a projected separation of $0.984 \pm 0.05 ''$, a position angle of $51.1 \pm 0.5^{\circ}$, and a mass of $10.15_{-1.255}^{+2.19}M_{\rm Jup}$. These results demonstrate that PAO can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with medium-sized telescopes.
Lightweight design and analysis of optical cover plate for exoplanet imaging coronagraph
Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所);CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology(中国科学院天文光学与技术重点实验室)
Efficient Exoplanet Imaging Simulations of the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Oxford University(牛津大学);Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan(密歇根大学数据科学研究所);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校电气与计算机工程系);Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文学系);Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan(密歇根大学电气与计算机工程系)
Exoplanets through extreme optics: from PLATO to SHARK-NIR
在过去的几年里,帕多瓦天文台(Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova)和帕多瓦大学大规模参与了地面和天基系外行星搜索项目。关于我博士学位的活动在空间项目框架内和地面仪器领域都得到了利用。PLATO是“行星凌日和恒星振荡”的首字母缩写,是欧空局的一项任务,目标是利用它们在明亮恒星上的凌日来探测和表征系外行星。总体仪器布局包括一个多望远镜概念仪器,由几十个望远镜单元组成,它已经开发了一个全折射光学解决方案。这些器件的特点是具有非常大的视场(一侧>20度),光学质量可将大部分能量融入单个传感器像素。我参与了望远镜光学单元原型的组装、集成和验证(AIV),以验证AIV程序和望远镜飞行条件下的光学性能。SHARK-NIR是“具有从R到K波段的高阶自适应光学的日冕照相系统-近红外”的首字母缩写,是一种设计用于在近红外域中以日冕照相直接成像和光谱模式搜索和表征年轻系外行星系统和恒星形成区的仪器。它已被选为第二代大型双目望远镜(LBT)仪器,它将利用LBT极限自适应光学(XAO)校正的优异性能,这是SHARK-NIR实现最佳日冕性能所必需的,这是探测围绕明亮恒星运行的微弱行星的强制性要求。关于SHARK,我的工作是进行光学校准和仪器鉴定。
Magellan Adaptive Optics first-light observations of the exoplanet beta Pic b. II. 3-5 micron direct imaging with MagAO+Clio, and the empirical bolometric luminosity of a self-luminous giant planet
The Critical, Strategic Importance of Adaptive Optics-Assisted Ground-Based Telescopes for the Success of Future NASA Exoplanet Direct Imaging Missions
PALM-3000: Exoplanet Adaptive Optics for the 5-meter Hale Telescope
我们描述和报告的第一个结果从PALM-3000,第二代天文自适应光学设施的5.1米海尔望远镜在帕洛玛天文台。PALM-3000被设计用于在明亮恒星周围的近红外波段对棕矮星和大型行星质量体进行高对比度成像和发射光谱分析,但也支持V ~ 17的一般自然导星使用。PALM-3000使用其独特的66 x 66致动器可变形反射镜,迄今已证明在1角秒视宁度条件下残余波前误差为141 nm RMS。PALM-3000可以在2.2微米的观察波长下在6.4 x 6.4弧秒的工作区域上提供相位共轭校正,或者在大约一半的该场上提供全电场(幅度和相位)校正。通过优化的后端仪器,PALM-3000在经过观察后散斑抑制处理后,能够在约1角秒的角间距下实现高达10 e-7的对比度。在对自适应光学系统进行优化的同时,我们已经成功地委托了五台后端科学仪器,并与美国自然历史博物馆和喷气推进实验室的合作伙伴一起开始了一项重大的系外行星特征调查,即1640项目。
A Statistical Framework for the Utilization of Simultaneous Pupil Plane and Focal Plane Telemetry for Exoplanet Imaging, Part I: Accounting for Aberrations in Multiple Planes
Cascade adaptive optics with a second stage based on a Zernike wavefront sensor for exoplanet observations II. Validation in broadband light on the ESO/GHOST testbed
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台);Aix Marseille Université(艾克斯-马赛大学);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)