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arXiv 2103.15844astro-ph.IM
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具有大量自由度的系外行星成像仪中剩余像差的校准

Calibration of residual aberrations in exoplanet imagers with large numbers of degrees of freedom

Raphaël Pourcelot, Arthur Vigan, Kjetil Dohlen, Bastien Rouzé, Jean-François Sauvage, Mona El Morsy, Maxime Lopez, Mamadou N'Diaye, Amandine Caillat, Élodie Cho… 展开作者

Raphaël Pourcelot, Arthur Vigan, Kjetil Dohlen, Bastien Rouzé, Jean-François Sauvage, Mona El Morsy, Maxime Lopez, Mamadou N'Diaye, Amandine Caillat, Élodie Choquet, Gilles P. P. L. Otten, Alain Abbinanti, Philippe Balard, Marcel Carbillet, Philippe Blanchard, Jérémy Hulin, Émilie Robert

摘要:

成像附近恒星周围的微弱物体,如系外行星或圆盘,是非常具有挑战性的,因为宿主恒星的图像主要是由望远镜衍射图案。使用日冕仪是消除衍射的有效解决方案,但需要具有良好质量的入射波前以最大化星光抑制。在地面上,最先进的系外行星成像仪使用极端自适应光学(ExAO)系统,该系统基于具有大量致动器的可变形反射镜(DM),以有效补偿高阶像差并提供衍射限制图像。虽然现在有几个系外行星成像仪使用大约1500个致动器在大型望远镜上进行常规操作以观察气体巨行星,但未来的系统可能需要增加十倍的自由度来寻找岩石行星。在本文中,我们探讨波前校正与二级自适应光学系统,控制了非常大的自由度,不校正的主要ExAO系统。使用马赛成像高对比度试验台(MITHiC),我们实现了第二阶段的自适应光学与ZELDA,泽尼克波前传感器,和空间光调制器(SLM),以补偿的工作台下游残余像差的相位像差从自适应光学。我们证明,他们的校正高达137个周期,每个瞳孔与纳米精度是可能的,只要有一个简单的失真校准的瞳孔和适度的波前低通滤波。我们还使用ZELDA对ExAO残差进行快速补偿,显示出其作为观测附近恒星周围岩石行星的第二阶段校正的前景。最后,我们在MITHiC上展示了经典Lyot日冕仪的图像,并通过校准验证了我们达到理论性能的能力。

英文摘要:

Imaging faint objects, such as exoplanets or disks, around nearby stars is extremely challenging because host star images are dominated by the telescope diffraction pattern. Using a coronagraph is an efficient solution for removing diffraction but requires an incoming wavefront with good quality to maximize starlight rejection. On the ground, the most advanced exoplanet imagers use extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) systems that are based on a deformable mirror (DM) with a large number of actuators to efficiently compensate for high-order aberrations and provide diffraction-limited images. While several exoplanet imagers with DMs using around 1500 actuators are now routinely operating on large telescopes to observe gas giant planets, future systems may require a tenfold increase in the number of degrees of freedom to look for rocky planets. In this paper, we explore wavefront correction with a secondary adaptive optics system that controls a very large number of degrees of freedom that are not corrected by the primary ExAO system. Using Marseille Imaging Testbed for High Contrast (MITHiC), we implement a second stage of adaptive optics with ZELDA, a Zernike wavefront sensor, and a spatial light modulator (SLM) to compensate for the phase aberrations of the bench downstream residual aberrations from adaptive optics. We demonstrate that their correction up to 137 cycles per pupil with nanometric accuracy is possible, provided there is a simple distortion calibration of the pupil and a moderate wavefront low-pass filtering. We also use ZELDA for a fast compensation of ExAO residuals, showing its promising implementation as a second-stage correction for the observation of rocky planets around nearby stars. Finally, we present images with a classical Lyot coronagraph on MITHiC and validate our ability to reach its theoretical performance with our calibration.

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