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arXiv 1806.04769astro-ph.HE
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用blazar序列解释天体物理学中微子的扩散通量

Interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in terms of the blazar sequence

Andrea Palladino, Xavier Rodrigues, Shan Gao, Walter Winter

摘要:

我们研究了扩散的天体物理中微子通量是否可以来自耀变体喷流-活动星系核(AGN)的一个子类-同时,它尊重基于源目录的耀变体堆叠极限,并且与TXS 0506+056的观测结果一致。我们计算的中微子通量从解决和未解决的来源使用平均的,电磁波谱和光度之间的经验关系,称为{ \em blazar序列},两个人口的blazar(BL Lacs和FSRQs)。使用一个源模型与现实的中微子通量计算,我们证明了耀变体确实可以在最高的能量,并遵守堆叠限制在同一时间,我们推导出重子加载(质子与$γ$ -射线光度)的耀变体序列演变的条件。假设低光度耀变体的权力弥漫的天体物理中微子通量,我们发现,主要的贡献的扩散通量PeV的能量必须来自未解决的BL Lac重子负载大于约$10^5$ -而只有一个非常小的贡献可能来自解决高光度BL Lac或FSRQs,这可以直接测试的堆叠限制。我们发现,耀变体TXS 0506+056在我们的基线方案中处于这些群体的边缘,具有相对较高的光度和红移;因此,我们预测整个群体中每年约有0.3个$γ$射线中微子关联,主要是BL Lac与$L_γ\simeq 10^{45} \, \mathrm{erg/s}$和$z \sim 0.1$。

英文摘要:

We study if the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux can come from blazar jets -- a subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) -- while it, at the same time, respects the blazar stacking limit based on source catalogs and is consistent with the observation from TXS 0506+056. We compute the neutrino flux from resolved and unresolved sources using an averaged, empirical relationship between electromagnetic spectrum and luminosity, known as the {\em blazar sequence}, for two populations of blazars (BL Lacs and FSRQs). Using a source model with realistic neutrino flux computations, we demonstrate that blazars can indeed power the diffuse neutrino flux at the highest energies and obey the stacking limit at the same time, and we derive the conditions for the baryonic loading (proton versus $γ$-ray luminosity) evolving over the blazar sequence. Under the hypothesis that low-luminosity blazars power the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, we find that the dominant contribution of the diffuse flux up to PeV energies must come from unresolved BL Lacs with baryonic loadings larger than about $10^5$ -- while only a very small contribution may come from resolved high-luminosity BL Lacs or FSRQs, which can be directly tested by the stacking limit. We find that the blazar TXS 0506+056 is on the verge of these populations in our baseline scenario, at a relatively high luminosity and redshift; as a consequence we predict about 0.3 $γ$-ray-neutrino associations per year from the whole population, dominated by BL Lacs with $L_γ\simeq 10^{45} \, \mathrm{erg/s}$ and $z \sim 0.1$.

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