来自暂时伽马抑制耀变体的宇宙中微子
Cosmic neutrinos from temporarily gamma-suppressed blazars
摘要：
尽管在2017年发现了高能中微子与耀变体TXS 0506+056的表观燃烧状态的关联，但导致天体物理粒子加速和中微子产生的机制仍然不确定。最近的研究发现，当对$γ$ -射线透明时，$γ$ -闪耀耀变体不具有质子产生中微子的不透明度。在这里，我们提出了另一种解释的观测证据，其中$γ$ -射线发射抑制在有效的中微子生产。大的质子和目标光子密度有助于产生中微子，同时由于大的$γγ$不透明度而暂时抑制可观察到的$γ$ -发射。我们发现，当IceCube记录到符合的高能中微子IC-190730 A时，Blazar PKS 1502+106的Fermi-LAT $γ$通量处于局部极小值。使用OVRO 40米望远镜的数据，我们发现，从PKS 1502+106在符合中微子IC-190730 A的时间段的无线电发射是在一个高的状态，在早期的时间段，无线电和$γ$通量相关的低和高的状态。这表明在中微子产生的时候，有一个活跃的外流被$γ$抑制了。我们发现类似的本地$γ$ -抑制在其他blazar，包括在MAGIC的TeV通量TXS 1，0506 +056和费米LAT的通量blazar PKS B1424-418在符合冰立方中微子检测的时间。使用临时的$γ$ -抑制，中微子耀变体符合搜索可能比以前假设的更敏感，使冰立方的扩散中微子通量的起源可能与现有的数据识别。
英文摘要：
Despite the uncovered association of a high-energy neutrino with the apparent flaring state of blazar TXS 0506+056 in 2017, the mechanisms leading to astrophysical particle acceleration and neutrino production are still uncertain. Recent studies found that when transparent to $γ$-rays, $γ$-flaring blazars do not have the opacity for protons to produce neutrinos. Here we present observational evidence for an alternative explanation, in which $γ$-ray emission is suppressed during efficient neutrino production. A large proton and target photon density help produce neutrinos while temporarily suppress the observable $γ$-emission due to a large $γγ$ opacity. We show that the Fermi-LAT $γ$-flux of blazar PKS 1502+106 was at a local minimum when IceCube recorded the coincident high-energy neutrino IC-190730A. Using data from the OVRO 40-meter Telescope, we find that radio emission from PKS 1502+106 at the time period of the coincident neutrino IC-190730A was in a high state, in contrast to earlier time periods when radio and $γ$ fluxes are correlated for both low and high states. This points to an active outflow that is $γ$-suppressed at the time of neutrino production. We find similar local $γ$-suppression in other blazars, including in MAGIC's TeV flux of TXS\,0506+056 and Fermi-LAT's flux of blazar PKS B1424-418 at the time of coincident IceCube neutrino detections. Using temporary $γ$-suppression, neutrino-blazar coincidence searches could be substantially more sensitive than previously assumed, enabling the identification of the origin of IceCube's diffuse neutrino flux possibly with already existing data.
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