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arXiv 1806.04397physics.atom-ph
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地面和空间光脉冲原子干涉测量法高精度重力测量的系统误差

Systematic errors in high-precision gravity measurements by light-pulse atom interferometry on the ground and in space

Anna M. Nobili, Alberto Anselmi, Raffaello Pegna

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6 pages
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. Research 2, 012036 (2020)
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摘要：

我们关注的事实是，光脉冲原子干涉仪测量原子的加速度只有三个数据点，每滴。结果，重力梯度的测量效果系统地大于真实效果，误差与梯度成线性关系，并且在时间上呈二次曲线，迄今为止几乎未被注意到。我们展示了这种误差如何影响绝对测量的重力加速度$g$，以及地面和空间实验与梯度计的基础上原子干涉测量，如那些设计用于空间大地测量，测量的万有引力常数和探测的引力波。当原子干涉仪测试自由降落的普遍性和弱等效原理时，通过滴下同一原子的不同同位素，一束激光询问两种同位素，这里报告的误差被抵消。对于不同种类的原子云和不同频率的两束激光，即使在没有违反的情况下，干涉仪测量的相移也会有很大的差异。系统误差，包括与重力梯度耦合的共模加速度和所报告的误差，导致在地面和空间上对几个无量纲参数的硬性并发要求，所有这些参数都必须小于所寻求的违规信号。

英文摘要：

We focus on the fact that light-pulse atom interferometers measure the atoms' acceleration with only three data points per drop. As a result, the measured effect of the gravity gradient is systematically larger than the true one, an error linear with the gradient and quadratic in time almost unnoticed so far. We show how this error affects the absolute measurement of the gravitational acceleration $g$ as well as ground and space experiments with gradiometers based on atom interferometry such as those designed for space geodesy, the measurement of the universal constant of gravity and the detection of gravitational waves. When atom interferometers test the universality of free fall and the weak equivalence principle by dropping different isotopes of the same atom one laser interrogates both isotopes and the error reported here cancels out. With atom clouds of different species and two lasers of different frequencies the phase shifts measured by the interferometer differ by a large amount even in absence of violation. Systematic errors, including common mode accelerations coupled to the gravity gradient with the reported error, lead to hard concurrent requirements --on the ground and in space-- on several dimensionless parameters all of which must be smaller than the sought-for violation signal.

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