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arXiv 1806.02568cond-mat.supr-con
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非平衡光控超导的绝热微扰理论

Adiabatic perturbation theory of nonequilibrium light-controlled superconductivity

Andrea Secchi, Marco Polini

摘要:

最近的实验中,太赫兹(THz)光已被用来诱导非平衡超导状态,提出了一些有趣的基本问题。从理论上讲,这些实验通常是在Floquet形式主义中描述的,它受到许多众所周知的限制(例如Floquet加热)。替代方法依赖于大量的数值方法。本文将Kostantinov-Perel时间轮廓上的路径积分与绝热微扰理论相结合,发展了一个非平衡超导的分析理论[G. Rigolin,G. Ortiz和V.H. Ponce,Phys. Rev. A~{ \bf 78},052508(2008)]。我们考虑一个一般系统的电子和拉曼声子耦合的Fröhlich相互作用,在存在一个随时间变化的外部场的声子子系统上的行为。后者被认为是太赫兹光诱导激发的红外和拉曼声子之间的非线性相互作用的模型。假设外场对时间的依赖性很慢,我们导出了动态超导能隙的方程,计算了主导绝热项和第一非绝热修正。我们的非平衡公式可以数值求解,计算复杂性的最小增加相对于需要计算的超导能隙在平衡状态。

英文摘要:

Recent experiments, in which Terahertz (THz) light has been used to induce nonequilibrium superconducting states, have raised a number of intriguing fundamental questions. Theoretically, these experiments are most often described within the Floquet formalism, which suffers a number of well-known limitations (e.g. Floquet heating). Alternative approaches rely on heavy numerical methods. In this Article we develop an analytical theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity that combines path integrals on the Kostantinov-Perel' time contour with adiabatic perturbation theory [G. Rigolin, G. Ortiz, and V.H. Ponce, Phys. Rev. A~{\bf 78}, 052508 (2008)]. We consider a general system of electrons and Raman phonons coupled by the Fröhlich interaction, in the presence of a time-dependent external field which acts on the phonon subsystem. The latter is supposed to model the THz light-induced excitation of nonlinear interactions between infrared and Raman phonons. Assuming that the external field has a slow dependence on time, we derive equations for the dynamical superconducting gap, calculating the leading adiabatic term and the first non-adiabatic correction. Our nonequilibrium formulas can be solved numerically with a minimal increase of computational complexity with respect to that needed to calculate the superconducting gap at equilibrium.

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