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arXiv 1805.04072q-bio.PE
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遗传学中的边缘似然性:方法和应用的综述

Marginal likelihoods in phylogenetics: a review of methods and applications

Jamie R. Oaks, Kerry A. Cobb, Vladimir N. Minin, Adam D. Leaché

摘要:

通过提供一个解释所有生命固有的共同祖先的框架,遗传学正在成为生物学的统计基础。随着系统发育模型复杂性的不断增加,模型选择的重要性也在不断增加,以更好地捕捉微观和宏观进化过程。在贝叶斯框架中,边际似然是数据如何更新我们对模型的先验信念,这为我们提供了一个直观的衡量标准,以概率论为基础来比较模型拟合。由于系统发育模型的数量和复杂性迅速增加,用于近似边缘似然性的方法越来越重要。在这里,我们试图提供一个直观的描述边际似然性,为什么他们是重要的贝叶斯模型测试。我们还分类和审查方法估计边缘的系统发育模型的可能性,突出了最近的几种方法,提供良好的估计。此外,我们回顾了一些实证研究,证明如何边际似然可以用来了解进化模型的生物学数据。我们讨论了有前途的替代品,可以补充贝叶斯模型选择的边际似然,包括后验预测方法。使用模拟,我们发现一种替代方法的基础上近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)是有偏见的。最后,我们讨论贝叶斯模型选择的挑战和未来的方向,承诺提高近似的边际似然和贝叶斯遗传学作为一个整体。

英文摘要:

By providing a framework of accounting for the shared ancestry inherent to all life, phylogenetics is becoming the statistical foundation of biology. The importance of model choice continues to grow as phylogenetic models continue to increase in complexity to better capture micro and macroevolutionary processes. In a Bayesian framework, the marginal likelihood is how data update our prior beliefs about models, which gives us an intuitive measure of comparing model fit that is grounded in probability theory. Given the rapid increase in the number and complexity of phylogenetic models, methods for approximating marginal likelihoods are increasingly important. Here we try to provide an intuitive description of marginal likelihoods and why they are important in Bayesian model testing. We also categorize and review methods for estimating marginal likelihoods of phylogenetic models, highlighting several recent methods that provide well-behaved estimates. Furthermore, we review some empirical studies that demonstrate how marginal likelihoods can be used to learn about models of evolution from biological data. We discuss promising alternatives that can complement marginal likelihoods for Bayesian model choice, including posterior-predictive methods. Using simulations, we find one alternative method based on approximate-Bayesian computation (ABC) to be biased. We conclude by discussing the challenges of Bayesian model choice and future directions that promise to improve the approximation of marginal likelihoods and Bayesian phylogenetics as a whole.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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