An $S$-ring (a Schur ring) is said to be separable with respect to a class of groups $\mathcal{K}$ if every its algebraic isomorphism to an $S$-ring over a group from $\mathcal{K}$ is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism. We prove that every Schur ring over an abelian group $G$ of order $4p$, where $p$ is a prime, is separable with respect to the class of abelian groups. This implies that the Weisfeiler-Leman dimension of the class of Cayley graphs over $G$ is at most 2.
An $S$-ring (a Schur ring) is said to be separable with respect to a class of groups $\mathcal{K}$ if every algebraic isomorphism from the $S$-ring in question to an $S$-ring over a group from $\mathcal{K}$ is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism. A finite group $G$ is said to be separable with respect to $\mathcal{K}$ if every $S$-ring over $G$ is separable with respect to $\mathcal{K}$. We prove that every abelian group $G$ of order $9p$, where $p$ is a prime, is separable with respect to the class of all finite abelian groups. Modulo previously obtained results, this completes a classific…
An $S$-ring (Schur ring) is called separable with respect to a class of $S$-rings $\mathcal{K}$ if it is determined up to isomorphism in $\mathcal{K}$ only by the tensor of its structure constants. An abelian group is said to be separable if every $S$-ring over this group is separable with respect to the class of $S$-rings over abelian groups. Let $C_n$ be a cyclic group of order $n$ and $G$ be a noncylic abelian $p$-group. From the previously obtained results it follows that if $G$ is separable then $G$ is isomorphic to $C_p\times C_{p^k}$ or $C_p\times C_p\times C_{p^k}$, where $p\in \{2,3\}…
A permutation group is said to be quasiregular if every its transitive constituent is regular, and a quasiregular coherent configuration can be thought as a combinatorial analog of such a group: the transitive constituents are replaced by the homogeneous components. In this paper, we are interested in the question when the configuration is schurian, i.e., formed by the orbitals of a permutation group, or/and separable, i.e., uniquely determined by the intersection numbers. In these terms, an old result of Hanna Neumann is, in a sense, dual to the statement that the quasiregular coherent config…
A Schur ring over a finite group is said to be decomposable if it is the generalized wreath product of Schur rings over smaller groups. In this paper we establish a sufficient condition for a decomposable Schur ring over the direct product of elementary abelian groups to be a $CI$-Schur ring. By using this condition we reprove in a short way known results on the $CI$-property for decomposable Schur rings over an elementary abelian group of rank at most $5$.
A finite group $G$ is called a Schur group if any Schur ring over $G$ is associated in a natural way with a subgroup of $Sym(G)$ that contains all right translations. It is proved that the group $C_3\times C_3\times C_p$ is Schur for any prime $p$. Together with earlier results, this completes a classification of the abelian Schur groups of odd order.
A finite group $G$ is called a Schur group, if any Schur ring over $G$ is associated in a natural way with a subgroup of $Sym(G)$ that contains all right translations. Recently, the authors have completely identified the cyclic Schur groups. In this paper it is shown that any abelian Schur group belongs to one of several explicitly given families only. In particular, any non-cyclic abelian Schur group of odd order is isomorphic to $Z_3\times Z_{3^k}$ or $Z_3\times Z_3\times Z_p$ where $k\ge 1$ and $p$ is a prime. In addition, we prove that $Z_2\times Z_2\times Z_p$ is a Schur group for every p…
A finite group G is called Schur, if every Schur ring over G is associated in a natural way with a regular subgroup of Sym(G) that is isomorphic to G. We prove that any nonabelian Schur group G is metabelian and the number of distinct prime divisors of the order of G does not exceed 7.
A finite group is said to be weakly separable if every algebraic isomorphism between two $S$-rings over this group is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism. In the paper we prove that every abelian weakly separable group belongs to one of several explicitly given families only.
A Schur ring (S-ring) over a group $G$ is called separable if every of its similaritities is induced by isomorphism. We establish a criterion for an S-ring to be separable in the case when the group $G$ is cyclic. Using this criterion, we prove that any S-ring over a cyclic $p$-group is separable and that the class of separable circulant S-rings is closed with respect to duality.
An $S$-ring (Schur ring) is called central if it is contained in the center of the group ring. We introduce the notion of a generalized Schur group, i.e. such finite group that all central $S$-rings over this group are schurian. It generalizes in a natural way the notion of a Schur group and they are equivalent for abelian groups. We establish basic properties and provide infinite families of nonabelian generalized Schur groups
In this article, we investigate the existence and schurity problem of association schemes whose thin residues are isomorphic to an elementary abelian $p$-group of rank $2$.
A finite group $G$ is called a Schur group, if any Schur ring over $G$ is the transitivity module of a point stabilizer in a subgroup of $\sym(G)$ that contains all right translations. We complete a classification of abelian $2$-groups by proving that the group $\mZ_2\times\mZ_{2^n}$ is Schur. We also prove that any non-abelian Schur $2$-group of order larger than $32$ is dihedral (the Schur $2$-groups of smaller orders are known). Finally, in the dihedral case, we study Schur rings of rank at most $5$, and show that the unique obstacle here is a hypothetical S-ring of rank $5$ associated with…
A set of elements of a finite abelian group is called sum-free if it contains no Schur triple, i.e., no triple of elements $x,y,z$ with $x+y=z$. The study of how large the largest sum-free subset of a given abelian group is had started more than thirty years before it was finally resolved by Green and Ruzsa a decade ago. We address the following more general question. Suppose that a set $A$ of elements of an abelian group $G$ has cardinality $a$. How many Schur triples must $A$ contain? Moreover, which sets of $a$ elements of $G$ have the smallest number of Schur triples? In this paper, we ans…
Let $G$ be a finite group. If $Γ$ is a permutation group with $G_{right}\leqΓ\leq Sym(G)$ and $\mathcal{S}$ is the set of orbits of the stabilizer of the identity $e=e_{G}$ in $Γ$, then the $\mathbb{Z}$-submodule $\mathcal{A}(Γ,G)=Span_{\mathbb{Z}}\{\underline{X}:\ X\in\mathcal{S}\}$ of the group ring $\mathbb{Z} G$ is an $S$-ring as it was observed by Schur. Following Pöschel an $S$-ring $\mathcal{A}$ over $G$ is said to be schurian if there exists a suitable permutation group $Γ$ such that $\mathcal{A}=\mathcal{A}(Γ,G)$. A finite group $G$ is called a Schur group if every $S$-ring over $G$ i…
We shortly present two small results regarding the study formal duality in finite abelian groups as introduced by Cohn, Kumar, Reiher and Schürmann. In particular, we give a new example of a formally self dual set in $\mathbb{Z}_2^2\times\mathbb{Z}_4^2$ and computed nonexistence of primitive formally dual sets of size $8$ in $\mathbb{Z}_8^2$.
An $S$-ring (a Schur ring) is said to be separable with respect to a class of groups $\mathcal{K}$ if every algebraic isomorphism from the $S$-ring in question to an $S$-ring over a group from $\mathcal{K}$ is induced by a combinatorial isomorphism. A finite group is said to be \emph{separable} with respect to $\mathcal{K}$ if every $S$-ring over this group is separable with respect to $\mathcal{K}$. We provide a complete classification of abelian $p$-groups separable with respect to the class of abelian groups.
For G a finite non-Abelian group we write c(G) for the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute and k(G) for the largest integer such that any k(G)-colouring of G is guaranteed to contain a monochromatic quadruple (x,y,xy,yx) with xy not equal to yx. We show that c(G) tends to 0 if and only if k(G) tends to infinity.
In this paper we characterize permutation groups that are automorphism groups of coloured graphs and digraphs and are abelian as abstract groups. This is done in terms of basic permutation group properties. Using Schur's classical terminology, what we provide is characterizations of the classes of 2-closed and $2*$-closed abelian permutation groups. This is the first characterization concerning these classes since they were defined.
A finite group $R$ is a DCI-group if, whenever $S$ and $T$ are subsets of $R$ with the Cayley graphs ${\rm Cay}(R,S)$ and ${\rm Cay}(R,T)$ isomorphic, there exists an automorphism $φ$ of $R$ with $S^φ=T$. Elementary abelian groups of order $p^4$ or smaller are known to be DCI-groups, while those of sufficiently large rank are known not to be DCI-groups. The only published proof that elementary abelian groups of order $p^4$ are DCI-groups uses Schur rings and does not work for $p=2$ (which has been separately proven using computers). This paper provides a simpler proof that works for all primes…
Inspired by an experimental study of energy-minimizing periodic configurations in Euclidean space, Cohn, Kumar and Schürmann proposed the concept of formal duality between a pair of periodic configurations, which indicates an unexpected symmetry possessed by the energy-minimizing periodic configurations. Later on, Cohn, Kumar, Reiher and Schürmann translated the formal duality between a pair of periodic configurations into the formal duality of a pair of subsets in a finite abelian group. This insight suggests to study the combinatorial counterpart of formal duality, which is a configuration n…
Strongly regular Cayley graphs with Paley parameters over abelian groups of rank 2 were studied in [J.A Davis, Partial difference sets in p-groups, Arch.Math.63 (1994) 103-110; K.H Leung, S.L. Ma, Partial difference sets with Paley parameters, Bull. London Math Soc. 27 (1995) 553-564]. It was shown that such graphs exist iff the corresponding group is isomorphic to ${\mathbb Z}_{p^n} \oplus {\mathbb Z}_{p^n}$, where $p$ is an odd prime. In this paper we classify all strongly regular Cayley graphs over this group using Schur rings method. As a consequence we obtain a complete classification of …
In this note we describe a seemingly new approach to the complex representation theory of the wreath product $G\wr S_d$ where $G$ is a finite abelian group. The approach is motivated by an appropriate version of Schur-Weyl duality. We construct a combinatorially defined groupoid in which all endomorphism algebras are direct products of symmetric groups and prove that the groupoid algebra is isomorphic to the group algebra of $G\wr S_d$. This directly implies a classification of simple modules. As an application, we get a Gelfand model for $G\wr S_d$ from the classical involutive Gelfand model …
An $r$-coloring of a subset $A$ of a finite abelian group $G$ is called sum-free if it does not induce a monochromatic Schur triple, i.e., a triple of elements $a,b,c\in A$ with $a+b=c$. We investigate $κ_{r,G}$, the maximum number of sum-free $r$-colorings admitted by subsets of $G$, and our results show a close relationship between $κ_{r,G}$ and largest sum-free sets of $G$. Given a sufficiently large abelian group $G$ of type $I$, i.e., $|G|$ has a prime divisor $q$ with $q\equiv 2\pmod 3$. For $r=2,3$ we show that a subset $A\subset G$ achieves $κ_{r,G}$ if and only if $A$ is a largest sum…
