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arXiv 1804.09445astro-ph.EP
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用多普勒光谱测量行星大气动力学

Measuring Planetary Atmospheric Dynamics with Doppler Spectroscopy

Patrick Gaulme, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Ivan Goncalves

摘要:

多普勒成像光谱法是直接测量太阳系行星大气风速的最可靠方法。然而,大多数关于大气动力学的知识都是通过云跟踪技术获得的,云跟踪技术包括从不同日期拍摄的图像中跟踪可见特征。多普勒成像具有挑战性-运动可能小于100米/秒-因为它测量的是云粒子的速度,而不是大的云结构。在大气波干扰云结构的情况下,预计会有显著的差异。本文的目的是提供一个理论基础,进行精确的多普勒测量的行星大气,特别是从地面反射太阳吸收线。我们关注导致重大偏差的三个方面。首先,我们全面回顾了杨效应,这是一个人工径向速度场所造成的太阳旋转,模仿逆行行星旋转。其次,我们广泛地研究了大气视宁度的影响,并表明,它修改了行星在天空中的表观位置时,行星没有观察到在全相位(反对)。此外,视宁度通过减小大气运动的视振幅,将可变径向速度和测光的区域卷积,从而使径向速度测量产生偏差。最后,我们提出了一种解释数据的方法,即,如何通过优化信噪比从径向速度图中检索纬向、经向、垂直和亚太阳-反太阳环流。

英文摘要:

Doppler imaging spectroscopy is the most reliable way to directly measure wind speeds of planetary atmospheres of the Solar system. However, most knowledge about atmospheric dynamics has been obtained with cloud-tracking technique, which consists of tracking visible features from images taken at different dates. Doppler imaging is as challenging - motions can be less than 100 m/s - as appealing because it measures the speed of cloud particles instead of large cloud structures. Significant difference is expected in case of atmospheric waves interfering with cloud structures. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for conducting accurate Doppler measurements of planetary atmospheres, especially from the ground with reflected solar absorption lines. We focus on three aspects which lead to significant biases. Firstly, we fully review the Young effect, which is an artificial radial velocity field caused by the solar rotation that mimics a retrograde planetary rotation. Secondly, we extensively study the impact of atmospheric seeing and show that it modifies the apparent location of the planet in the sky whenever the planet is not observed at full phase (opposition). Besides, the seeing convolves regions of variable radial velocity and photometry, which biases radial-velocity measurements, by reducing the apparent amplitude of atmospheric motions. Finally, we propose a method to interpret data, i.e., how to retrieve zonal, meridional, vertical, and subsolar-to-antisolar circulation from radial velocity maps, by optimizing the signal to noise ratio.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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