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arXiv 1803.09027cs.CRmath.STstat.TH
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局部差分隐私下的总体均值比较:具有意义和功效

Comparing Population Means under Local Differential Privacy: with Significance and Power

Bolin Ding, Harsha Nori, Paul Li, Joshua Allen

摘要:

统计假设检验确定是否应该基于来自总体的样本拒绝假设。特别是,随机对照实验(或A/B测试)比较群体平均值,例如,t-test已经在技术公司中广泛部署,以帮助做出数据驱动的决策。这些测试中使用的样本是从用户处收集的,可能包含敏感信息。数据汇集和测试过程都可能损害个人隐私。在本文中,我们研究了如何进行假设检验,比较人口的手段,同时保护隐私。我们使用本地差分隐私(LDP)的符号,这是最近出现的主要工具,以确保每个人的隐私,而不需要一个值得信赖的数据收集器。我们提出LDP测试,在收集样本之前将噪声注入样本中的每个用户的数据中(因此用户不需要信任数据收集器),并得出有界I型(显著性水平)和II型错误(1 -幂)的结论。我们的方法可以扩展到一些用户需要LDP而另一些用户愿意提供精确数据的情况。我们在真实世界的数据集上报告实验结果,以验证我们的方法的有效性。

英文摘要:

A statistical hypothesis test determines whether a hypothesis should be rejected based on samples from populations. In particular, randomized controlled experiments (or A/B testing) that compare population means using, e.g., t-tests, have been widely deployed in technology companies to aid in making data-driven decisions. Samples used in these tests are collected from users and may contain sensitive information. Both the data collection and the testing process may compromise individuals' privacy. In this paper, we study how to conduct hypothesis tests to compare population means while preserving privacy. We use the notation of local differential privacy (LDP), which has recently emerged as the main tool to ensure each individual's privacy without the need of a trusted data collector. We propose LDP tests that inject noise into every user's data in the samples before collecting them (so users do not need to trust the data collector), and draw conclusions with bounded type-I (significance level) and type-II errors (1 - power). Our approaches can be extended to the scenario where some users require LDP while some are willing to provide exact data. We report experimental results on real-world datasets to verify the effectiveness of our approaches.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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