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Proca星和准定常孤子天体的动力学形成

Dynamical formation of Proca stars and quasi-stationary solitonic objects

Fabrizio Di Giovanni, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Carlos A. R. Herdeiro, José A. Font

发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 98, 064044 (2018)
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摘要：

我们进行完全非线性数值模拟内的球对称爱因斯坦（复杂）Proca系统。从遵守哈密顿量，动量和高斯约束的Proca场分布开始，我们证明了系统的自引力诱导形成紧凑的物体，在适当的初始条件下，渐近接近固定的孤子般的解决方案被称为Proca星。系统的多余能量通过\textit{gravitational cooling}机制耗散，类似于标量玻色子星的动力学形成。我们调查这个过程中的Proca场的实部和虚部之间的相位差，以及它们的相对振幅的依赖性。在我们的数值模拟所探测的时间尺度内，该过程在定性上对任何一种选择都不敏感：在演化过程中，相位差和振幅比是守恒的。因此，而一个真正的静止物体预计将接近只有在特定的情况下，相等的振幅和相反的相位，准静止紧凑的孤子对象，然而，在一般情况下形成。

英文摘要：

We perform fully non-linear numerical simulations within the spherically symmetric Einstein-(complex)Proca system. Starting with Proca field distributions that obey the Hamiltonian, momentum and Gaussian constraints, we show that the self-gravity of the system induces the formation of compact objects, which, for appropriate initial conditions, asymptotically approach stationary soliton-like solutions known as Proca stars. The excess energy of the system is dissipated by the mechanism of \textit{gravitational cooling} in analogy to what occurs in the dynamical formation of scalar boson stars. We investigate the dependence of this process on the phase difference between the real and imaginary parts of the Proca field, as well as on their relative amplitudes. Within the timescales probed by our numerical simulations the process is qualitatively insensitive to either choice: the phase difference and the amplitude ratio are conserved during the evolution. Thus, whereas a truly stationary object is expected to be approached only in the particular case of equal amplitudes and opposite phases, quasi-stationary compact solitonic objects are, nevertheless, formed in the general case.

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