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arXiv 1803.04543astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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TRAPPIST-1上可能的亮星斑

Possible Bright Starspots on TRAPPIST-1

Brett M. Morris, Eric Agol, James R. A. Davenport, Suzanne L. Hawley

摘要:

M8 V恒星TRAPPIST-1拥有七颗大约地球大小的行星,是一个有希望的系外行星表征目标。Kepler/K2 Campaign 12对TRAPPIST-1的光学观测显示了一个明显的旋转调制,周期为3.3天,尽管在4.5 $μ$ m处的斯皮策光变曲线中不容易检测到旋转信号。如果旋转调制是由于星点,持续的暗点可以排除在斯皮策光变曲线缺乏光度变化。我们建立了一个光度学模型的旋转调制由于光球亮点的TRAPPIST-1这是一致的开普勒和斯皮策光变曲线。具有三个斑点的最大似然模型在温度$T_\mathrm{spot} \gtrsim 5300 \pm 200$ K下具有$R_\mathrm{spot}/R_\star \approx 0.004$的典型斑点大小。我们还发现,当最亮的点面对观察者时,更经常观察到大的耀斑,这表明了亮点的位置和耀斑事件之间的相关性。此外,这些耀斑可能会优先发生时,斑点的亮度增加,这表明,3.3 d的周期性可能不是一个旋转信号,而是一个特征的活动区域的时间尺度。

英文摘要:

The M8V star TRAPPIST-1 hosts seven roughly Earth-sized planets and is a promising target for exoplanet characterization. Kepler/K2 Campaign 12 observations of TRAPPIST-1 in the optical show an apparent rotational modulation with a 3.3 day period, though that rotational signal is not readily detected in the Spitzer light curve at 4.5 $μ$m. If the rotational modulation is due to starspots, persistent dark spots can be excluded from the lack of photometric variability in the Spitzer light curve. We construct a photometric model for rotational modulation due to photospheric bright spots on TRAPPIST-1 which is consistent with both the Kepler and Spitzer light curves. The maximum-likelihood model with three spots has typical spot sizes of $R_\mathrm{spot}/R_\star \approx 0.004$ at temperature $T_\mathrm{spot} \gtrsim 5300 \pm 200$ K. We also find that large flares are observed more often when the brightest spot is facing the observer, suggesting a correlation between the position of the bright spots and flare events. In addition, these flares may occur preferentially when the spots are increasing in brightness, which suggests that the 3.3 d periodicity may not be a rotational signal, but rather a characteristic timescale of active regions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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