Multiview applications endow final users with the possibility to freely navigate within 3D scenes with minimum-delay. A real feeling of scene navigation is enabled by transmitting multiple high-quality camera views, which can be used to synthesize additional virtual views to offer a smooth navigation. However, when network resources are limited, not all camera views can be sent at high quality. It is therefore important, yet challenging, to find the right tradeoff between coding artifacts (reducing the quality of camera views) and virtual synthesis artifacts (reducing the number of camera views sent to users). To this aim, we propose an optimal transmission strategy for interactive multiview HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS). We propose a problem formulation to select the optimal set of camera views that the client requests for downloading, such that the navigation quality experienced by the user is optimized while the bandwidth constraints are satisfied. We show that our optimization problem is NP-hard, and we therefore develop an optimal solution based on the dynamic programming algorithm with polynomial time complexity. To further simplify the deployment, we present a suboptimal greedy algorithm with effective performance and lower complexity. The proposed controller is evaluated in theoretical and realistic settings characterized by realistic network statistics estimation, buffer management and server-side representation optimization. Simulation results show significant improvement in terms of navigation quality compared with alternative baseline multiview adaptation logic solutions.
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）；National Institute of Informatics（国立信息学研究所）
Enabling users to interactively navigate through different viewpoints of a static scene is a new interesting functionality in 3D streaming systems. While it opens exciting perspectives towards rich multimedia applications, it requires the design of novel representations and coding techniques in order to solve the new challenges imposed by interactive navigation. Interactivity clearly brings new design constraints: the encoder is unaware of the exact decoding process, while the decoder has to reconstruct information from incomplete subsets of data since the server can generally not transmit ima…
The emergence of novel interactive multimedia applications with high rate and low latency requirements has led to a drastic increase in the video data traffic over wireless cellular networks. Endowing the small base stations of a macro-cell with caches that can store some of the content is a promising technology to cope with the increasing pressure on the backhaul connections, and to reduce the delay for demanding video applications. In this work, delivery of an interactive multiview video to a set of wireless users is studied in an heterogeneous cellular network. Differently from existing wor…
Multiview video supports observing a scene from different viewpoints. The Joint Video Team (JVT) developed H.264/MVC to enhance the compression efficiency for multiview video, however, MVC encoded multiview video (MVC video) still requires high bitrates for transmission. This paper investigates live MVC video streaming over Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. The goal is to minimize the server bandwidth costs whist ensuring high streaming quality to peers. MVC employs intra-view and inter-view prediction structures, which leads to a complicated layer dependency relationship. As the peers' outbound ba…
This paper presents the design and evaluation of SQP, a congestion control algorithm (CCA) for interactive video streaming applications that need to stream high-bitrate compressed video with very low end-to-end frame delay (eg. AR streaming, cloud gaming). SQP uses frame-coupled, paced packet trains to sample the network bandwidth, and uses an adaptive one-way delay measurement to recover from queuing, for low, bounded queuing delay. SQP rapidly adapts to changes in the link bandwidth, ensuring high utilization and low frame delay, and also achieves competitive bandwidth shares when competing …
Maximizing quality of experience (QoE) for interactive video streaming has been a long-standing challenge, as its delay-sensitive nature makes it more vulnerable to bandwidth fluctuations. While reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated great potential, existing works are either limited by fixed models or require enormous data/time for online adaptation, which struggle to fit time-varying and diverse network states. Driven by these practical concerns, we perform large-scale measurements on WeChat for Business's interactive video service to study real-world network fluctuations. Surprisingly…
5G communication brings substantial improvements in the quality of service provided to various applications by achieving higher throughput and lower latency. However, interactive multimedia applications (e.g., ultra high definition video conferencing, 3D and multiview video streaming, crowd-sourced video streaming, cloud gaming, virtual and augmented reality) are becoming more ambitious with high volume and low latency video streams putting strict demands on the already congested networks. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm that extends cloud computing capabilities to the edge…
With the merit of containing full panoramic content in one camera, Virtual Reality (VR) and 360-degree videos have attracted more and more attention in the field of industrial cloud manufacturing and training. Industrial Internet of Things (IoT), where many VR terminals needed to be online at the same time, can hardly guarantee VR's bandwidth requirement. However, by making use of users' quality of experience (QoE) awareness factors, including the relative moving speed and depth difference between the viewpoint and other content, bandwidth consumption can be reduced. In this paper, we propose …
Statistical Information of the Increased Demand for Watch the VOD with the Increased Sophistication in the Mobile Devices,Communications and Internet Penetration in Asia
Shandong University（山东大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
The 360-degree video allows users to enjoy the whole scene by interactively switching viewports. However, the huge data volume of the 360-degree video limits its remote applications via network. To provide high quality of experience (QoE) for remote web users, this paper presents a tile-based adaptive streaming method for 360-degree videos. First, we propose a simple yet effective rate adaptation algorithm to determine the requested bitrate for downloading the current video segment by considering the balance between the buffer length and video quality. Then, we propose to use a Gaussian model …
